1. ITALIAN UNIFICATION
Il Risorgimento with pickles and black olives

2. Carbonari
Nationalist
rebels against
Austrian control
of Northern Italy
and Spanish rule
over the
Kingdom of
Naples

3. Young Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini
Nationalist leader exiled to
London but returned for
revolution in 1848
Founder of Young Italy
Inspiration for generation of
independence-loving Italians

4. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Student of Mazzini
Helped many South
American countries gain
independence
Led the Red Shirts

5. Camillo Benso,
Conte di Cavour
Outstanding politician from
Piedmont-Sardinia
P.M. who ingratiated his
country with France and
Britain and allied with
Napoleon III against
Austrians to unite Italy
under.......

6. King Victor-Emmanuel II
Excommunicated by Pope
for taking Papal States,
Took Kingdom of Two
Sicilies, Venice
Had to stop Garibaldi
from taking Rome
Proclaimed King of Italy
in 1861

7. Unification in
1859 1860 1861
Completed in 1870, with help from wars

8. Otto von Bismarck
Prussian Junker
Professional diplomat
PM for Prussia
Pragmatist who rammed through
legislation over the objections of
the majority of the Prussian
Parliament

9. War of Schleswig, 1864
Danes tried to
incorporate
the region
Bismarck got
the German
states and
Austria to
gang up in a
popular cause

10. Austria, Unpopular
Catholic Austria got Protestant
Holstein as a prize, and Prussia
was granted Schleswig
Most German states now feared
Austrian intervention, which
made Prussia much more
popular
Napoleon III of France friendly
to Prussian cause, along with
Italy

11. Austro-Prussian War, 1866
The Seven Weeks War
Quick victory for Prussia based on technological advances
Austria now driven out of Northern Germany

12. Next stop, Paris!
The only way to unite Catholic
Southern Germany was to find a
common enemy
Napoleon III filled the vacuum by
insulting Prussian royal family over
Spanish inheritance
Selective editing of Ems dispatch

13. Franco-Prussian War
Utter defeat for France and
Napoleon III, who was captured at
Sedan and deposed by French
government

14. Siege of Paris

15. German Empire proclaimed at
Hall of Mirrors, January, 1871

16. Treaty of Frankfurt
Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, Wilhelm I recognized as
Emperor
France humiliated, huge indemnity payment