The use of linked data within the library community has the potential to significantly impact cataloging and may help improve information discovery and retrieval for the end user. For librarians and users alike, serial publications have been a constant challenge due to their complex publication histories and fluid nature. In this webinar, the presenters will reprise their NASIG 2013 Conference presentation, providing an overview of Linked Data developments within the library and journal publishing communities. By exploring serials in relation to FRBR principles and linked data modeling techniques, the presenters will describe how a search for periodical literature might be improved in a linked data environment. Taking description out of the current record constraints, serials librarians will be able to express the relationships between multiple versions of the same publication, and document how a particular journal has changed over time. The linked data model also opens up many opportunities for the provision of value-added content to bibliographic descriptions.

1. From Record-Bound to Boundless:
FRBR, Linked Data and New Possibilities
for Serials Cataloging
NASIG Webinar
October 23, 2014
Marlene van Ballegooie and Juliya Borie
University of Toronto Libraries

2. A patron asks…
…We recently spent considerable time
trying to locate the English translation of
an Einstein paper. After much sleuthing
it came to light that UTM had it. This is
definitely not clear in the shared
catalogue record. Perhaps something
could be done to aid future seekers…
(Note from a reference librarian)

3. What are the
relationships?
Eine Theorie der
Grundlagen der
Thermodynamik (Work)
Albert Einstein
(Creator)
Annalen der Physik
11 (1903): 170-187 (M) Copy in the U of T Libraries’
English Translation (E)
Gerstein periodical collection (I)
The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein
(Princeton University Press, 1989)(M) Copy in the U of T Libraries’ UTM
monographs collection (I)
Text in original German
(E)
Electronic version (M) Copy in the Wiley Online Library
(I )
Copy in the European Cultural
Heritage Online collection (I)
The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein
(Princeton University Press, 1989) (M) Copy in the U of T Libraries’
Gerstein monographs collection (I)
Electronic version (M)
Copy in Google Books (I)

4. Granularity of resource
description
Monographic
collection
Book
Chapter
Serial
Issue
Article

5. What makes serial titles and
articles difficult to find?
• Two tiers of metadata (serial
and article) handled by two
different parties
• Frequent title changes/
complex publication histories
• Multiple versions
• Changing cataloging
practices over time leads to
an inconsistent search
environment

6. Limitations of MARC
• Does not work well on the web
o Not designed for direct comprehension by a
computer
o MARC is only used within the library community
• Does not work well with RDA
• Cannot adequately represent relationships
between records
o Horizontal relationships (i.e. title changes)
o Vertical relationships (i.e. journal to article)
• MARC is static and inflexible

7. FRBR: Rethinking the Bibliographic
• Disaggregation of the components of the
Work
Manifestation
Universe
Person
Expression
Person
Manifestation
Item
Item
Item
Concept
Corporate body
• Focus on
Source: www.rda-jsc.org/docs/Georgia-FRBR-review-12august2011.ppt
relationships
between entities,
elements and
attributes
• Separation of the
intellectual from the
physical
bibliographic record

8. FRBR and Serials
Fitting a Square Peg in a Round Hole?
• Recognition that FRBR model works well for
monographs, but not so well for continuing
resources
• Serials are composed of smaller independent works
that are intellectual works in their own right
• What are the boundaries of a
serial work?
• The need to differentiate
expressions rarely arises with
serials
• No one item exemplifies a
manifestation

9. FRBR for Serial Publications
• Adams, Santamauro & Blythe (2008) suggest that the four
Group 1 entities be collapsed into three
o Superworkspression
o Manifestation
o Item
Bibliographic model: “Best of all possible worlds”.
C
Successive Entry, Latest Entry, or None of the Above? How the MARC21 Format, FRBR and the
Concept of a Work Could Revitalize Serials Management. Katherine Adams, Britta Santamauro
& Kurt Blythe, The Serials Librarian, 54:3-4, 193-197.

10. What about the articles…aren’t
they works too?
Krier (2012) – Serials , FRBR and Library Linked Data: A
Way Forward
• Split between library catalogues and journal
databases is not intuitive to users.
• FRBR can be applied at the journal level as well as
the article level.
• Linked data model can be used to bring two work-level
resources together.
• Users can begin search at either level – journal or
article – and shift between works depending on
user needs.

11. Serials, FRBR and Linked Data:
A Better Fit?
• Serials are the shape-shifters of the library world
o Fluid, ever-changing
o Many inter-relationships (journal to article, earlier titles, later titles,
translations)
o Often available in multiple formats
• FRBR generally accepted by
library community, but not
widely implemented due to
MARC limitations.
• Linked data is a perfect vehicle
for realizing the potential of FRBR

12. Goodbye MARC…Hello RDF!
• RDF is the primary data model for Linked Data
• Concept of triples is used to describe a relationship
between two things (subject – predicate – object)
• Statement: The ‘Journal of Ethology’ is about animal
behavior.
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject
http://Journal www.worldcat.of Ethology
org/oclc/11244761 http://idA.locn.giomv/aauthlo rbitiees/shubajevctsi/oshr85005162
isAbout
(subject) (predicate) (object)
o Each triple is a statement about a resource.
o URIs are used to make statements “machine actionable”.

13. Serials Related Identifiers to
Support Linked Data

14. LC Authorities and Vocabularies
• Library of Congress Linked Data Service
o LC Subject Headings
o LC Name Authority File
o LC Classification
o LC Genre/Form Terms
o MARC Relators
o MARC Countries
o MARC Geographic Areas
o MARC Languages
o And more!

15. ISSN
• ISSN is the key serial identifer.
• ISSN is media specific
• ISSN-L is an identifier for serial
publications on multiple
media
• Enables collocation among
different media types
• In a linked data environment,
ISSN will be essential in
connecting serial content
ISSN: 1234-5678
ISSN-L: 1234-5678
ISSN: 8567-6354
ISSN-L: 1234-5678
ISSN: 7534-9807
ISSN-L: 1234-5678

16. ISNI and ORCID
• International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)
o Identifier consists of 16 numerical digits divided into four
blocks
o Uniquely identifies the public identities of researchers,
writers, artists, performers, inventors, publishers, etc.
• ORCID
o Open Researcher and Contributor ID
o A reserved block of ISNI identifiers for scholarly researchers

17. Current Linked Data
Initiatives Related to
Serials

18. Library of Congress
Bibliographic Framework Initiative
• “The Bibliographic Framework Initiative will re-imagine
and implement a bibliographic
environment for a post-MARC networked world.”
Kevin Ford, Library of Congress
• BIBFRAME Requirements
o Content model agnostic (better support for RDA)
o Description and management of all types of library
holdings, traditional and born-digital
o Provision for all library data: bibliographic, authority,
holdings, classification
o Replace MARC

19. BIBFRAME Model

20. BIBFRAME Model

21. BIBFRAME and Serials
• Most current work is on monographic material and
modeling audiovisual materials
• 2014 ALA Annual meeting serials were mentioned in
the Q&A
o Relationships defined in MARC have been carried over to
BIBFRAME
o Admission that more work is needed on serials and
continuing resources
o Theoretical approach has been devised, but practical
experimentation is necessary
STAY TUNED!

22. PRESSoo
• Aims to resolve issues related to the application of
the FRBR model to serials and continuing resources
• An extension of the FRBRoo model (Functional
Requirements for Bibliographic Records – Object
Oriented)
• Developed by ISSN International Centre (ISSN IC)
and the ISSN Review Group and representatives of
the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)
• PRESSoo model v. 1 released in June 2014
• ISSN IC to test PRESSoo in the Road Directory of
Open Access Scholarly Resources project
(road.issn.org)

23. Problems that linked data can
potentially solve for serials

24. The Journal/Article Divide
Works can relate to other works reflecting part/whole relationships
Age and
Aging
the Journal/Article Divide
containedIn contains
Mortality in
older home
care residents
in England and
Wales
Serial “Work”
Article “Work”

25. Complex Publication Histories
“Preceding” and “succeeding” relationships can be applied to journal “works”.
Rheumatology
and Physical
C Annals of
Physical
Medicine
Medicine
Rheumatology
and
Rehabilitation
continuedBy continuedBy
supercedes supercedes
Rheumatology
and
Rehabilitation
British Journal
of
Rheumatology
Rheumatology

26. Multiple Versions
Multiple formats are treated as “instances” of a creative “work”
C
Print
Rheumatology
hasInstance hasInstance hasInstance
Electronic Microfilm

27. Citation Linking
C
Mortality in older
care home
residents in
England and
Wales
The mortality
experience of
people admitted
to nursing
homes
Residential care
for elderly
people: A
decade of
change
cites
citedBy
cites
citedBy
Article “works” can be linked together through citations

28. Strive not to be a
success,
but rather
to be of value

29. Linked Einstein
Thermo-dynamic
s
Princeton
Universit
y Press
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh8513478
3
Creator Concept
Chapter
English
Type
1989
Bibliogra
-phic
citation
Metadata
Publisher
URI
English
Translation
Original
Paper
Creator
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh8513
4783
Journal
article
German
Type
Metadata
1903
Bibliogra
-phic
citation
Thermo-dynamic
s
J.A.
Barth
Publisher
Concept
URI
Publishe
r
http://viaf.org/viaf/75121530
TranslationOf
hasTranslation

30. Thermo-dynamics
is part of has part is part of has part
is part of has part
is part of has part
Original
Paper
Journal
1903:11
Concept
v.2.2
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh851
34783
Creator
http://viaf.org/viaf/75121530
Translationof
hasTranslation
has instance is instance of
Wiley
has instance is instance of
Print
Electronic
is available as is available as
Monograph
is part of has part
v.2:part
1.2
English
translation
Thermo-dynamics
Monograph
Creator Concept
Print
is available as
Electronic
ECHO
is part of has part
Translationof
hasTranslation
has instance is instance of has instance is instance is available as

31. Linked Data: Gateway to
New Opportunities
Major works
Archival
information
Linking
within
Linking
out
Article
Biographical
information

32. “The Semantic Web will likely profoundly
change the very nature of how scientific
knowledge is produced and shared, in ways
that we can now barely imagine”.
(Berners-Lee, Tim; Hendler, James (April 26, 2001). “Scientific publishing
on the ‘semantic web’”. Nature)

33. Semantic Publishing
Pensoft journals
http://www.pensoft.net/journal_home_page.php?journal_id=3&page=article&SESID=ecdb090945a027a8ed975f11a231cb56&type=show&article_
id=1602&issue_id=153&subm=da&C_ALL=da&C_BOOKS=da&C_E_BOOKS=da&C_JOURNALS=da&sor=SANTITLE&search=pteridophyte&I
mage179_x=14&Image179_y=5&AVTOR2=&AVALUE=&NTITLE=&YEAR=&ISBN=&SERIES=&txtSearch1=search%20in%20list&txtSearch2=sea
rch%20in%20list&txtSearch3=search%20in%20list&txtSearch4=search%20in%20list&

34. Linked Data in Journal
Publishing
• Semantic enhancements at
both journal and article levels
• Seamless linking to
supplementary materials
• Integrating citation analysis
into displays
• Linking to multi-media content associated with journals
and articles
• Recommendations and personalized features (Mendeley)
• Linking articles to research datasets

35. Connecting Articles to
Research Data

36. Multimedia content to
engage users

37. Bibliographic Description
as Linked Data
data.nature.com
Retrieved from http://data.nature.com/ns/articles/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.187

38. Linked Data in Libraries
• Linking Researchers to Their
Research (Vivo; link to
ORCID and ISNI profiles)
• Focus on compatibility with
whole bibliographic
universe, not just catalogue
• Improving information
services by making
collections more visible
• Value of Authorities

39. Boundless Possibilities
Peer-reviewed
Article
Research
Data
Multi-media
Supplementary
Authors’
works
Scholars’
comments
Works
cited
Preprint IR
Disciplinary
Repository
Journal &
databases
Grant
application
materials
Conference
webcast
Adapted from: Regina Romano-Reynolds, “Item of the Future” in
BIBFRAME, ISSN, and the Future of Serials. 2014 ALA Annual Conference

40. “We are moving from
cataloging to catalinking”
Eric Miller, ALA Midwinter 2013

41. Resources
• Katherine Adams, Britta Santamauro & Kurt Blythe. Successive Entry,
Latest Entry, or None of the Above? How the MARC21 Format, FRBR
and the Concept of a Work Could Revitalize Serials Management,
The Serials Librarian, 54:3-4, 193-197.
• Laura Krier. “Serials , FRBR and Library Linked Data: A Way Forward”,
Journal of Library Metadata, 12(2-3), 177-187.
• Riva, Pat. “Defining the Boundaries: FRBR, AACR and the Serial”, The
Serials Librarian, 45(3), 15-21.
• Philip Evan Schreur. “The Academy Unbound: Linked Data as
Revolution”, Library Resources & Technical Services, 56(4), 227-237.
• Library of Congress. “Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data:
Linked Data Model and Supporting Services”
http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf
• Ed Jones. “The FRBR Model as Applied to Continuing Resources” ”,
Library Resources & Technical Services, 49(4), 227-241.

42. Resources
• Kevin Ford. “LC’s Biblographic Framework Initiative: An Update”
http://3windmills.com/kefo-swib12-bfi/
• Eric Miller. “Linked Data for Holdings and Cataloging: The first step is
the hardest!” ALA Midwinter 2013.
• Regina Romano-Reynolds, “Item of the Future” in BIBFRAME, ISSN,
and the Future of Serials. 2014 ALA Annual Conference
• Library of Congress. BIBFRAME.org
http://bibframe.org/

43. Resources
• Semantic Publishing:
• David Shotton. “Five stars of online journal articles.” D-Lib
Magazine 18 (1/2), 1-17.
• David Shotton. “Semantic publishing: the coming revolution in
scientific journal publishing.” Learned Publishing 22 (2), 85-94.
• Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler. “Scientific publishing on the
‘semantic web’”. Nature
• Nature. Nature Linked Data. www.data.nature.com
(accessed May 20, 2013).
• Bibliothèque nationale de France. http://data.bnf.fr/
• Nature. Nature Linked Data. www.data.nature.com
(accessed May 20, 2013).
• Pensoft. PhytoKeys.
http://www.pensoft.net/journals/phytokeys

44. Thank you!
Marlene van Ballegooie
m.vanballegooie@utoronto.ca
Juliya Borie
juliya.borie@utoronto.ca