2008

1. The Great War: World War I 1914-1917

3. Causes of The Great War

4. Cause #1 Nationalism being a strong supporter of the rights and interests of one's country German Unification – 1871 Example: Alsace-Lorraine

6. Cause #2 Imperialism when a country takes over new lands or countries and makes them subject to their rule By 1900 the British Empire extended over five continents and France had control of large areas of Africa increased British and French rivalry with Germany

8. Cause #3 Alliances Many alliances signed by countries between 1879 – 1914 This meant that some countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first

9. 1879The Dual AllianceGermany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia 1881Austro-Serbian AllianceAustria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia 1882The Triple AllianceGermany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia 1914Triple Entente (no separate peace)Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peaceseparately. 1894Franco-Russian AllianceRussia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary 1907Triple EntenteThis was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany. 1907Anglo-Russian EntenteThis was an agreement between Britain and Russia 1904Entente CordialeThis was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

10. Cause #4 Militarism army and military forces are given a high profile by the government Led to arms race New technology (weapons, battleships, etc)

14. Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip

16. Classwork Read “People in World History: Archduke Francis Ferdinand” Write out the answers to questions 1-3 on the back You have 7 minutes to complete this task - individually This will be a class grade for today…

17. Who vs. Whom? Look at the map on p. 527 Partner up and label the following on the map handout entitled “Europe 1914” with the country name and: A for Allied Powers (15) C for Central Powers (4) N for Neutral Nations (8) First team that finishes (all correct) wins a prize…

19. Morocco

20. Portugal

21. Romania

22. Russia

23. Serbia

24. Tunisia

25. United KingdomAlgeria Australia Belgium Egypt France Greece Italy Japan Libya

26. Central Powers Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

27. Neutral Powers Albania Denmark Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Spain Sweden Switzerland

28. Check for Understanding List the 5 causes of “The Great War” Partner up - 1 minute

29. Check for Understanding List the 5 causes of “The Great War” Nationalism Imperialism Alliances Militarism Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

30. Excitement of War Youth on both sides were eager to go to war Nationalism had created a sense of invincibility All over Europe, but especially in Germany, the superiority of their culture was promoted

31. Total War Warring nations engaged intotal war: the channeling of a nation’s entire human and natural resources to the war effort

33. borrowed money

35. Global Conflict The Great Powers turned to their own colonies for troops, laborers,and supplies

36. Homework Use the rest of class to work on your homework Gavrilo Princip Worksheet Color code your map (3 colors with a key at the top)

37. Children's CrusadeYoung men, soldiers, Nineteen FourteenMarching through countries they'd never seenVirgins with rifles, a game of charadesAll for a Children's CrusadePawns in the game are not victims of chanceStrewn on the fields of Belgium and FrancePoppies for young men, death's bitter tradeAll of those young lives betrayedThe children of England would never be slavesThey're trapped on the wire and dying in wavesThe flower of England face down in the mudAnd stained in the blood of a whole generationCorpulent generals safe behind linesHistory's lessons drowned in red winePoppies for young men, death's bitter tradeAll of those young lives betrayedAll for a Children's CrusadeThe children of England would never be slavesThey're trapped on the wire and dying in wavesThe flower of England face down in the mudAnd stained in the blood of a whole generation

38. Technology & Trench Warfare in WW

41. Take Paris/Metz6-7 weeks Rape of Belgium Did it work?

43. Germans sent troops to East, weakening those in the West

44. French proved tougher than anticipated

45. Battle of the Marne

47. Impact of Industrialization First War for: Machine guns Tanks Airplanes Battleships Poison Gas

54. WWI Technology Industrialization had a tremendous impact on WWI Problem for both sides: New weapons, old tactics

55. Trench Warfare Frontline Trenches were usually about seven feet deep and six feet wide The top two or three feet would consist of a thick line of sand bags to absorb any bullets or shell fragments Diagram: pages 534-535

61. Problems with Trench Warfare What happens when you stand in water for months at a time? Disease Trench foot Trench rats “Cooties” (lice) Suicide & “SIWs”

62. Trench Foot

63. One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol: "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat."

65. Enemy InflictedSIW’s (Self-Inflicted Wounds): "A bullet fired deliberately at the foot was the only way out. Perhaps those who call this man a coward will consider the desperation to which he was driven, to place his rifle against the foot, and drive through the bones and flesh the smashing metal. Let me hope that the court-martial's sentence was light. Not that it matters, for, in truth, the real sentence had been inflicted long ago."

66. Why Trench Warfare Didn’t Work Consider the strategy… Contributed to stalemate Contributed to millions of deaths…

67. “In the chapel of St. Cyr (before it was destroyed during World War II) the memorial tablet to the dead of the Great War bore only a single entry for “the class of 1914.” -Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman

68. WW I – Military Casualties* (approximations) WW I Military CasualtiesDoes not include civilian casualties *Does not include civilian casualties

69. Wartime Propaganda Both sides waged a propaganda war Propaganda is the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause Posters

70. US Enters the War State of Europe: Lacking supplies Millions of casualties Morale = low Doughboys to the Rescue April, 1916 US declares war June, 1916 US to Europe

71. WWI Ends Nov. 9, 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates At 11:00 on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the war ends as Germany and Allies sign an Armistice

73. US – Woodrow Wilson

74. France – Georges Clemanceau

75. Italy – Vittorio Orlando(Left to right) The “Big Four”: David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States, the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles.

77. Demilitarization

78. Takes all of blame

79. Must pay reparations