2. OVERVIEW
• The important nutritional values
• The balance of nutritional values
• All nutritional numbers are created equal
• Nutritional requirements for stage of growth
• Feeding for Success
3. THE IMPORTANT NUMBERS!
Protein –
• Humans think in percentages. 16,18,20, etc.
• Animals live by weight or amount.11,15,20gr
• We balance feeds with the focal point of percentage when in actuality a
hen needs 19 -21 grams of protein to maintain body conditioning and
make an egg.
• Too much or too little protein will effect egg size, rate of lay, attitude
(personality), and body conditioning
4. ENERGY – CALORIES
• Poultry eat for their energy needs on a daily
basis
• Hot weather they eat less, Cold weather they eat
more
• Layers require less than meat production poultry
• Mature Layer requires 325 – 475 Kcal per day each
at 80 degrees with 50% humidity
• Meat birds require an average of 500 Kcal per day
each. This is an average from day one until
finished
5. TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENTS
Temp F° Exp. Feed Intake Req. Protein Cal. Consumed
5 5.7 oz 12.4% 456
14 5.5 oz 12.9% 436
23 5.2 oz 13.5% 417
32 5.0 oz 14.2% 398
41 4.7 oz 14.9% 379
50 4.5 oz 15.7% 360
59 4.3 oz 16.6% 340
68 4.0 oz 17.5% 321
77 3.8 oz 18.5% 304
86 3.6 oz 19.8% 284
95 3.3 oz 21.3% 264
104 3.1 oz 23.0% 245
6. VITAMIN – MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
DEVELOPING & MEAT
PRODUCTION
Vitamin A 2955 iu/lb
Vitamin D 1364 iu/lb
Vitamin E 13.6 iu/lb
Choline 364 mg/lb
Riboflavin 2.5 mg/lb
Calcium
1.0%
Phosphorus .80%
Sodium (max) .18%
Manganese 70 ppm
Iron 80 ppm
Zinc 80 ppm
Copper 10 ppm
Selenium .3 ppm
LAYERS & BREEDERS
Vitamin A 3410 iu/lb
Vitamin D 1150 iu/lb
Vitamin E 12 iu/lb
Choline 550 mg/lb
Riboflavin 2 mg/lb
Calcium
3.5%
Phosphorus .75%
Sodium (max) .18%
Manganese 70 ppm
Iron 80 ppm
Zinc 60 ppm
Copper 8 ppm
Selenium .3 ppm
10. PROTEIN & ENERGY
• Poultry eat for their daily energy needs. Hotter = Less feed /
Cooler = More feed
• If you energy level is not correct for stage of growth or time
of year the poultry will not consume enough protein.
• High energy low protein feed the birds will get fat but
not grow quickly – which is the most common
imbalance. Protein cost more than energy!
• Low energy high protein feed – the birds will have high
ammonia manure, grow fast, but have poor body fat
deposits.
11. CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS
• Calcium & Phosphorus requirement are different
throughout each stage of life.
• Young chickens – 1.1%-1.25% calcium - .75%-.80% phosphorus.
• Young turkeys – 1.4%-1.6% calcium - .90%-1.0% phosphorus
• Adult breeder holding diets – 1.2% calcium - .75% phosphorus
• Adult breeder laying chicken (young) – 3.5% calcium - .80%
phosphorus
• Adult breeder laying chicken (old) – 4.25% calcium - .75%
phosphorus
• Adult breeder laying turkey – 2.5% calcium - .85% phosphorus
12. AMINO ACIDS – BUILDING BLOCKS
OF PROTEIN
• Amino acid are more important than the amount or percentage of
protein.
• If one key amino acids are deficient the birds will not develop and
thrive correctly
• Methionine – 1st limiting amino acid for poultry. Inadequate levels
of methionine will stunt growth, effect internal organ
development, cause poor feather development, and reduce laying
rate.
• Methionine is found in concentration in meat type protein and in
synthetic forms
13. AMINO ACIDS (CONTINUED)
• Cysteine – 2nd limiting amino acid.
• Only because methionine does not fully function without
cysteine.
• Cysteine is generally found in the right proportions in protein
source high in methionine.
• Methionine and Cysteine are the only 2 sulfur based amino
acids.
14. AMINO ACIDS (CONTINUED)
• Lysine – 3rd limiting amino acid.
• Readily available in the commonly used grains
Corn & Soy.
• In alternative rations without corn and soy Lysine
will be deficient.
• Lysine is not allowed in synthetic form for organic
production.
15. NUMBERS – NOT ALL CREATED EQUAL!
• Most common misconceptions
• Feed analysis values – feed is reported with two values in many
cases. As Received & Dry Basis
• Dry basis nutrients are measured without any moisture considered.
Dry basis values are ONLY used for ration balancing for ruminant
animals. i.e. Bovine, Goats, sheep, etc.
• As Received nutrients – are exactly that. The nutrients measured in
the manner they where received. As Received analysis values are
used for mono-gastric species. i.e. Swine, Poultry, Rabbit, etc.
• Grain is typically 10% - 13% moisture. 900# of corn at 8% protein dry
matter vs. 7% as received is 72 units of protein vs. 63 units as
received
16. BY PRODUCTS (CONTINUED)
• Wheat Middlings (mill run) – is the outer skin of wheat after milling
flour.
• 14%-17% protein, high fiber, low energy, low amino acids, but
great for forming pelleted feed.
• Cheap conventionally $65 - $100/ton – expensive organic
$600/ton
• Best used in strictly Corn & Soybean (solvent extracted) meal
diets. The birds will need the fiber to offset the digestive upset
of a conventional diet.
• Primarily used as filler and binding agent to make pellets
18. FEED FOR THE RIGHT STAGE OF GROWTH
STARTER FEED
Starter is the most critical feed for
any poultry. The very specific
nutrient levels will establish the
future of the chicken’s productivity.
Chick Starter should be used from
day 1 through ¼ of the
development period. This time may
vary based on each breeds genetic
potential.
GROWER FEED
Grower is lowered in protein and
energy to adjust for the increased
amount of feed consumed. Chick
Grower is design to not develop
excessive fat or rapid rate of gain.
During this period of development
we want allow the metabolism to
stabilize with body size. Chick
Grower should be fed for second
quarter of the chicken development
period.
19. Standard Breed Chick Starter
Ingredients: Amounts:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 915
SOYBEANS ROASTED 600
LINSEED ML. (O.P.)34/7 200
FISH ML (MENHADEN) 100
ALFALFA ML 17% 100
POULTRY NB DL 60
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 25
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Units:
CRUDE PROTEIN 21.9 %
CRUDE FAT 8.6 %
CRUDE FIBER 5.0 %
CALCIUM 1.32 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.84 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.32 %
M.E. (PLTY) 1319 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 6.15 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 50 IU/LB
LYSINE 1.14 %
METHIONINE 0.47 %
Standard Breed Chick Grower
Ingredient Name: Amount:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 815
SOYBEANS ROASTED 550
BARLEY 9% (GRD) 200
LINSEED ML. (O.P.)34/7 200
ALFALFA ML 17% 100
POULTRY NB DL 60
FISH ML (MENHADEN) 50
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 25
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Units:
CRUDE PROTEIN 20.1 %
CRUDE FAT 7.8 %
CRUDE FIBER 5.5 %
CALCIUM 1.20 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.78 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.32 %
M.E. (PLTY) 1291 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 6.13 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 50.0 IU/LB
LYSINE 1.00 %
METHIONINE 0.42 %
20. NEXT STAGE FEEDING
PULLET DEVELOPER
Pullet Developer is specifically
designed for the correct development
of replacement layers. This feed will
minimize the amount of internal and
external fat deposits that may lead to
poor egg lay and poor fertility. This
formula should be fed the third quarter
of the birds life.
COCKEREL DEVELOPER
Cockerel Developer is much like
the Pullet developer to ensure the
cockerels that will be breeding
males in the future breeding flock
are properly developed. This feed
will provide the correct proportions
of protein and energy to ensure
optimum male vitality is achieved.
This formula should be fed the
third quarter of the birds life.
21. Standard Breed Pullet Developer
Ingredient: Amount:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 890
SOYBEANS ROASTED 450
BARLEY 9% (GRD) 200
LINSEED ML. (O.P.)34/7 200
ALFALFA ML 17% 150
POULTRY NB DL 60
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 25
FISH ML (MENHADEN) 25
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Unit:
CRUDE PROTEIN 18.1 %
CRUDE FAT 6.9 %
CRUDE FIBER 5.9 %
CALCIUM 1.2 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.73 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.32 %
M.E. (PLTY) 1275 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 6.89 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 50.0 IU/LB
LYSINE 0.85 %
METHIONINE 0.38 %
Standard Breed Cockerel Developer
Ingredients: Amounts:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 890
BARLEY 9% (GRD) 300
SOYBEANS ROASTED 300
LINSEED ML. (O.P.)34/7 250
ALFALFA ML 17% 100
FISH ML (MENHADEN) 75
POULTRY NB DL 60
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 25
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Units:
CRUDE PROTEIN 17.6 %
CRUDE FAT 5.9 %
CRUDE FIBER 5.6 %
CALCIUM 1.24 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.79 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.32 %
M.E. (PLTY) 1254 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 6.14 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 50.0 IU/LB
LYSINE 0.80 %
METHIONINE 0.39 %
22. NEXT STAGE OF FEEDING
BREEDER LAYING
• Breeder Layer formula is
specifically designed unlike
regular layer formulas to
enhance hatchability. The
increased vitamins, trace
minerals and amino acids will
increase embryo viability. This
formula should be fed 30 days
prior to hatching egg harvest
until they lay cycle is complete.
BREEDER HOLDING
Breeder Holding diet is
designed for breeding stock that
is not currently laying eggs. This
can be used for developed
pullets and cockerels through
the winter months or off season.
This can also be used for hens
and cockerels between breeding
cycles.
23. Standard Breed - Breeder Layer
Ingredient Name: Amount:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 830
SOYBEANS ROASTED 550
BARLEY 9% (GRD) 300
FISH ML (MENHADEN) 100
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 100
POULTRY NB DL 70
OYSTER SHELLS 50
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Units:
CRUDE PROTEIN 17.8 %
CRUDE FAT 7.6 %
CRUDE FIBER 3.9 %
CALCIUM 3.6 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.83 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.37 %
SM.E. (PLTY) 1295 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 5.37 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 58.3 IU/LB
LYSINE 0.986 %
METHIONINE 0.430 %
Standard Breed - Breeder Holding
Ingredients: Amounts:
CORN 7.0% (GRD) 990
ALFALFA ML 17% 300
BARLEY 9% (GRD) 300
SOYBEANS ROASTED 300
POULTRY NB DL 60
OYSTER SHELLS 25
LIMESTONE 37% Ca 25
Formula Totals: 2,000
Nutrient: Units:
CRUDE PROTEIN 13.1 %
CRUDE FAT 5.2 %
CRUDE FIBER 6.9 %
CALCIUM 1.63 %
PHOSPHORUS 0.61 %
SALT (ADDED) 0.32 %
M.E. (PLTY) 1274 KCAL/LB
VITAMIN A 9.17 KIU/LB
VIT. E (ADDED) 50 IU/LB
LYSINE 0.592 %
METHIONINE 0.301 %
24. NON BREEDING STOCK
MEAT BIRD FINISHER
• Meat Bird Finisher should be fed to
both the pullets and cockerels that
were not selected for breeding
replacement stock. This formula is
designed for rapid weight gain and
body fat depositing, which will allow
for a more flavorful taste.
27. QUALITY FEED & FEED
INGREDIENTS
• I am very passionate about feed ingredients.
• 21 years of watching folks try to cut the WRONG cost corners. Feed!
• A high quality, Nutritionally superior feed pays for itself. I didn’t say
the most expensive!
• Cheap feed ingredients will cost you something down the road.
• Example: Meat birds fed cheap eat 12 – 14 lbs to finish them.
Nutritionally well balanced feed is 9-10 lbs. 20%-30% more feed!
28. MEMBERSHIP
• Join the APPPA Producer Plus Community
• Subscription to APPPA Grit magazine
• Invitation to private Yahoo Group for producer plus members only
• Special Introductory Offer
• Producer Plus membership w/PDF magazine: $30
• Producer Plus membership w/print magazine: $50
• Offer only good at www.apppa.org/jeff
• “My membership has saved me over $10,000” –David Hale, TX producer raising, processing, and
marketing 70,000 broilers a year.
