water purification in community health nursing

2. WATER PURIFICATION METHODS
Natural
purification
Purification at
small scale
Purification at
large scale

3. Natural purification methods
•Aeration
•Oxidation
•Filtration through
layers of soil
•Aquatic animals
•Evaporation
•Flow of water

4. PURIFICATION AT SMALL SCALE
• DOMESTIC FILTER
• BOILING
• CHEMICAL PROCESS

5. 1. DOMESTIC FILTER
A. CLOTH FILTER

6. B. CERAMIC FILTER

8. INSTUCTIONS TO USE THE FILTER CANDLE

9. C. ULTRA VIOLET FILTER

10. PARTS OF ULTRA VIOLET FILTER
• Pre filter
• Activated carbon
• Ultra violet chamber
• Electronic monitoring system

11. 2. BOILING
• Advantages:
– Simple and effective method of purification
– Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat
– Uses local available materials
• Disadvantages:
– Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of
the high volume of fuel used
– Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water
– Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds

12. 3. CHEMICAL PROCESS
BLEACHING POWDER

13. • Advantages:
– Easy to use method of chemical purification of water
– Effective at killing bacteria and viruses
– Inexpensive
• Disadvantages:
– Not effective at killing all parasites.
– Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be
hazardous to health.
– It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic
container in a cool and shaded place.

14. CHLORINE SOLUTION

15. CHLORINE TABLET
• Halazone tablet is available
in the market.
• Good to disinfect the small
quantities of water.
• Costly.
• 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect
20 liter of water.

16. INSTRUCTIONS TO USE CHLORINE
TABLET

17. ALUM

18. IODINE
• Emergency method to disinfect
the water.
• Two drops of iodine with 2%
ethanol solution sufficient for I
liter of water.
• Larger amount will stimulate
thyroid activity.

19. POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE
• No longer recommended
for disinfection of water.
• It will alter the color,
smell and taste of water.