1. Industrial Workers Grade: «grade» Subject: History Date: «date»

2. Industrial Workers The Big Idea C hanges in the workplace led to a rise in labor unions and workers’ strikes. Ma in Ideas · The desire to maximize profits and become more efficient led to poor working conditions. ·Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions and pay. ·Labor strikes often turned violent and failed to accomplish their goals.

3. Main Idea 1: The desire to maximize profits and become more efficient led to poor working conditions. · Several factors led to a decline in the quality of working conditions in the late 1800s. ·Machines and unskilled workers replaced skilled craftspeople. ·These low-paid workers could easily be replaced. They brought costs down and caused production to rise. · Frederick W. Taylor , an efficiency expert, published The Principles of Scientific Management in 1909. ·Encouraged managers to view workers as interchangeable parts ·Injuries increased, and conditions worsened. ·Workers looked for ways to bring about change.

4. 1 Frederick Taylor publish a book called The Principles of Scientific Management. This book viewed workers as interchangeable parts which resulted in workers: A having more injuries B having better working conditions C getting more time off D getting paid more

5. Poor Working Conditions · Small, crowded rooms ·Specialization made workers tired, bored, and more likely to be injured. ·Managers paid less attention to working conditions. ·Stuffy air ·Unsafe workplaces ·Long hours ·Low wages ·No job security

7. 2 Select all of the following poor working conditions that many factory workers had to deal with. A low wages B great pay C stuffy air D still kept jobs if hurt at work E long hours F small, crowded rooms

8. Main Idea 2: Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions and pay. Knights of Labor · First national labor union, founded in 1870s ·Pushed for eight-hour workday, equal pay for equal work, and end to child labor ·Included both skilled and unskilled workers · Terence V. Powderly became leader in 1879 and ended secrecy of organization. American Federation of Labor · Organized individual national unions, such as mine-workers’ and steelworkers’ unions ·Limited membership to skilled workers ·Used collective bargaining, in which all workers acted collectively, or together, to negotiate with management

9. 3 This is workers acting together, or collectively, to negotiate with management for better pay and better working conditions. A collective bargaining B negotiations C helping D union help

10. Main Idea 3: Labor strikes often turned violent and failed to accomplish their goals. Haymarket Riot · Erupted between protesters and police in Chicago ·Resulted in decline of Knights of Labor Homestead Strike · Strike occurred at Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, Pennsylvania. ·Resulting fight left workers and Pinkerton guards dead. Pullman Strike · Began with workers who made Pullman train cars ·Spread to workers who worked on trains pulling sleeping cars ·Federal troops stopped strike.

12. Haymarket Riot

13. Haymarket Riot

14. 4 Select three major strikes that took place in the late 1800s. A Baldwin Strike B Wisconsin Riot C Haymarket Riot D Milwaukee Steel workers stike E Homestead Strike F Pullman Strike

15. 5 Would you have liked being a worker in the factories in the late 1800s? Yes No

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