A brief survey of 19th century European intellectual and political history, primarily focusing on political ideologies stemming from the Enlightenment and French Revolution.
2. Enlightenment Legacies
• Romantic Movement
– Emotionalism, Primitivism
– Literature, Art, Politics
• Economic Liberalism
– Adam Smith
– John Ricardo's Iron Law of Wages
– Thomas Malthus and Population
• Positivism
3. Positivism and Science
• Auguste Comte
• Emile Durkheim
• Chemistry and Medicine
• Darwin & Evolutionary Thought
– "Social Darwinism" and other alternative
evolutionary theories
4. Liberalism
• Utilitarianism
– The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
– Jeremy Bentham: Corn Laws, Workhouses
– John Mill
• John Stuart Mill
– On Liberty, 1859
– The Subjection of Women, 1869
• Democratization
– Suffrage and Women’s Suffrage
7. Nationalism
• Reactive, definition in the face of
diversity
• Unity: Place, Language, Religion,
Culture, History, Destiny
• Nationalist Unification Movements:
– Germany, Italy
• Nationalist Liberation Movements:
– Greece, Serbia
• Romantic Nationalism:
– Herder and Grimm Brothers
8. Socialisms
• Utopian Socialists
– Charles Fourier, Robert Owen
• Social Organization
– Saint-Simon
– Chartists and Labor Unions
• Marx and Communism
– Hegelian Idealism --> Historical Materialism
– Proletariat v. Bourgeoisie
9. Abolitionism
• Religious Anti-slavery: Quakers
• Enlightenment writers ambivalent
• US Revolution and Constitution: debated
• French Revolution: Haitian independence
• Oluadah Equiano and growing British
movement
• 1808 British ban on Atlantic trade
• 1833 UK Slavery Abolition Act
• US Civil War
10. Radicals and Combinations
• Anarchism
– Romantic Optimism
– Leftist Criticism
– Violence
• Christian Socialists
• Liberal and Conservative Nationalisms
– Anti-Semitism and Zionism
