18. LEARN PLAY

19. With nouns ending in a
consonant and –y, the –y
goes and we add –ies.
To make the plural we usually country  countries
baby  babies
add –s to the noun.
book  books pen  pens
With nouns ending in
–f or –fe, the –f or
–fe goes and we add
With nouns ending in –s, -sh, –ves.
-ch, -x or –o, we add the
suffix –es. knife  knives
leaf  leaves
class  classes
box  boxes
arch  arches
tomato  tomatoes

20. Irregular nouns do not
follow the rules above.
We make their plurals in
various ways.
child  children
foot  feet
mouse  mice
fish  fish
person  people
sheep  sheep

21. BABYES BABYS BABIES

23.  they are used in affirmative sentences
and in polite requests, offers and
suggestions.
“There’s somebody outside.”
“Would you like something to eat?”
“Can you tell me something about it?”

24.  they are used in questions and negative
sentences.
“Did you know anybody at the party?”
“There isn’t anything to do in the town.”
“They don’t want to go anywhere
today.”

25.  when they mean “it doesn’t matter who,
which or where”
“You can sit anywhere.”
“You can eat anything you like.”
“You can go anywhere you want.”

26.  All the words above are used with a verb
in the singular. But we use they, them,
their, when we refer to somebody,
anybody…
“There’s someone on the phone. Take their
number and tell them I’ll call later.”
“Any one will tell you if you ask them.”

27.  They can be followed by an infinitive or
an adjective.
“I want somebody to help me.”
“We couldn’t find anywhere cheap.”

28.  We can use else after something,
anybody, nowhere…
“Let’s talk about something else.”
“Would you like something else?”

30. One-syllable adjectives and two-
syllable adjectives ending in –y
Comparative Superlative
Adjective
adjective + -er adjective + -est
old older the oldest
big bigger the biggest
large larger the largest
friendly friendlier the friendliest

31. Two-syllable adjectives and
longer adjectives
crowded more crowded the most crowded
boring more boring the most boring
interestin
more interesting the most interesting
g
polluted more polluted the most polluted

32. narrow narrower the narrowest
clever cleverer the clverest

33. Irregular forms
good better the best
bad worse the worst
little less the least
the furthest /
far further / farther
farthest

34. 1. With short vowels the final consonant doubles.
thin thinner the thinnest
 If the adjective already ends with –e, we just
add –r or –st.
fine finer the finest
 -y changes to –i
busy busier the busiest
pretty prettierthe prettiest

35. If there is a large difference between two objects,
we can use far, much and a lot.
far
a lot bigger /
Russia is more beautiful
much than Belgium.
much, much

36. For small differences, we can use a little (bit) or slightly.
a little
a bit bigger than
France is
Spain.
slightly

37. 1. by far the most … / -est
Brazil is by far the largest country in South
America.
2. one of the most … / -est
Baghdad is one of the oldest cities in the world.
3. the second / third most … / -est
Birmingham is the second biggest city in
England.
4. the least
I decided to buy the least expensive bag in the
shop.