2. PROJECT LOCATION
66 TH STREET
67 TH STREET
LOCATION OF SITE
WEST VIEW DOWN 66TH STREET EAST VIEW DOWN 66TH STREET
CENTRAL PARK WEST
LINCOLN LOCATION
CENTER OF SITE
TAVERN ON
THE GREEN
WEST VIEW OF PROJECT LOCATION WEST VIEW OF PROJECT LOCATION
3. PROJECT LOCATION
TAVERN ON
THE GREEN
CENTRAL PARK WEST
67 TH STREET
LOCATION OF SITE
67TH STREET
EAST VIEW OF CENTRAL PARK
67TH STREET SHOWING MATERIAL
EAST VIEW OF PROJECT LOCATION SURROUNDING STRUCTURES EAST VIEW DOWN 67TH STREET
4. SUNLIGHT STUDY
THE SUN’S ENERGY POWERS OUR EARTH AND ALLOWS LIFE TO EXIST AND FLOURISH. MY PROJECT PAYS HOMAGE TO THE SUN WHILE STILL RESPECTING ITS INTENSE ENERGY.
THE PROCESS BEGAN WITH THE STUDY OF THE SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS OF OUR SITE DURING THE COURSE OF A YEAR. THROUGH MY STUDIES I FOUND THAT DUE TO THE IMMENSE STRUCTURES THAT
SURROUND OUR SITE WE GET VERY LITTLE DIRECT LIGHT TOUCHING DOWN DURING WINTER TIME WHEN THE SUN’S AZIMUTH IS AT ITS LOWEST.THESE STUDIES GAVE WAY TO AN IDEA ABOUT GETTING
DAYLIGHT INTO THE STRUCTURE DURING THOSE MONTHS WHERE WE ARE “ECLIPSED” BY OUR NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS. THE OVERALL CONCEPT WAS TO HAVE CONTROL OVER LIGHTING CONDITIONS BY
RESPONDING TO THE NATURE OF THE SITE AND BRINGING NATURAL LIGHT INTO WHAT WOULD BE A RATHER DARK AND DREARY SPACE.
WINTER 8 AM WINTER 10 AM WINTER 12 PM WINTER 2 PM WINTER 4 PM SUMMER 8 AM
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 20’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 40’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 60’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 80’
5. SUNLIGHT STUDY
BY UTILIZING THE SUN’S LIGHT THE BUILDING CAN CONSERVE ITS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ALLEVIATE ITS DEMAND FOR MAN MADE ENERGY. IT CAN ALSO USE THE SUN TO RETAIN ITS ENERGY IN THE
WINTER THROUGH A DOUBLE SKINNED ROOF SYSTEM WHICH ALLOWS THE BUILDING TO RETAIN HEAT AND MINIMIZE ITS DEMAND FOR HEATING.
UPON COMPLETING THE SUNLIGHT STUDY, IT IS APPARENT THAT THE WINTER MONTHS YIELD LOW AMOUNTS OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT THUS CREATING A COLD DARK SPACE DURING THOSE
MONTHS.CONVERSELY, THE SUMMER MONTHS PROVIDE AMPLE AMOUNTS OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT DURING PEAK TIMES BETWEEN 10 AM AND 2 PM.
SUMMER 10 AM SUMMER 12 PM SUMMER 2 PM SUMMER 4 PM SUMMER 6 PM SUMMER 8 PM
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 20’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 40’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 60’
BUILDING
HEIGHT = 80’
6. SUNLIGHT STUDY - 3D MASS
WINTER SHADE MODEL 10 AM WINTER SHADE MODEL 12 PM WINTER SHADE MODEL 2 PM WINTER SHADE MODEL 4 PM SUMMER SHADE MODEL 10 AM
WINTER SUN MODEL 10 AM WINTER SUN MODEL 12 PM WINTER SUN MODEL 2 PM WINTER SUN MODEL 4 PM SUMMER SUN MODEL 10 AM
7. SUNLIGHT STUDY - 3D MASS
NOTE: CAVATIES INDICATE PURE DIRECT SUNLIGHT
67TH STREET
66TH STREET
COMBINED MODEL SHOWING OVERLAPPING SUNLIGHT
SUMMER SHADE MODEL 12 PM SUMMER SHADE MODEL 2 PM SUMMER SHADE MODEL 4 PM
NOTE: CAVATIES INDICATE PURE DIRECT SUNLIGHT
66TH STREET
67TH STREET
COMBINED MODEL SHOWING OVERLAPPING SUNLIGHT
SUMMER SUN MODEL 12 PM SUMMER SUN MODEL 2 PM SUMMER SUN MODEL 4 PM
8. SUNLIGHT STUDY
SITE
EAST WEST
THE PORTER HOUSE LOCATED IN CHELSEA,
NEW YORK CITY WAS AN INTEREST BECAUSE IT
ADDRESSES ARCHITECTURE AS A FUNCTION OF
TIME. THE LIGHTING CHANGES AS RESIDENTS
COME AND GO FROM THE BUILDING.
INSPIRATION FOR MATERIAL SELECTION
9. MATERIALS RESEARCH
SUNLIGHT STUDY
WOVEN FIBER GLASS FABRICS OFFER THE WIDEST RANGE AND THE BEST CONTROL OVER THICKNESS, WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF ALL FORMS OF FIBERGLASS TEXTILES. THIS OFFERS THE MATERIALS ENGINEER A WIDE CHOICE OF CONTROLLED
FABRIC PROPERTIES TO SATISFY DESIGN NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES.
IN GENERAL, WOVEN GLASS FABRICS HAVE THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES:
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH: GLASS IS ONE OF THE STRONGEST TEXTILE FIBERS, HAVING GREATER SPECIFIC TENSILE STRENGTH THAN STEEL WIRE OF THE SAME DIAMETER, AT A LOWER WEIGHT.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY: LOW ELONGATION UNDER LOAD, GENERALLY 3% OR LESS. GLASS FIBERS PRODUCE FABRICS WITH EXCELLENT DIMENSIONAL STABILITY UNDER VARIOUS TYPES OF CONDITIONS.
HIGH HEAT RESISTANCE: GLASS FABRICS HAVE EXCELLENT HEAT RESISTANCE AT RELATIVELY LOW COST. THEY RETAIN APPROXIMATELY 50% OF ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE STRENGTH AT 700°F (371°C);
APPROXIMATELY 25% AT 900°F (482°C); WITH A SOFTENING POINT OF 1555°F (846°C) AND A MELTING POINT OF 2075° F (1121 °C).
FIRE RESISTANCE: COMPOSED OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, GLASS FABRICS ARE NONCOMBUSTIBLE, A NATURAL CHOICE WHERE FLAMMABILITY IS OF CONCERN.
GOOD THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: THE RAPID HEAT DISSIPATION OF GLASS FABRICS IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT IN ELECTRICAL INSULATION APPLICATIONS.
GOOD CHEMICAL RESISTANCE: LIKE GLASS ITSELF, FIBER GLASS FABRICS ARE HIGHLY RESISTANT TO ATTACK BY MOST CHEMICALS.
OUTSTANDING ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES: GLASS FABRICS WITHSTAND HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HAVE LOW MOISTURE REGAIN. ALONG WITH ITS HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH AND LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT, GLASS IS OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE
AND USEFULNESS IN THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY.
DURABILITY: BEING INERT, GLASS FABRICS ARE UNAFFECTED BY SUNLIGHT, FUNGUS OR BACTERIA.
ECONOMICAL: GLASS FABRICS ARE LOWER IN COST THAN MANY OTHER FABRICS FOR SIMILAR APPLICATIONS.
COMPARISONS BETWEEN STEEL AND CONCRETE
IN ORDER TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL SELECTION ON LEED CERTIFICATION, A SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED OF THE LEED CERTIFIED BUILDINGS TO DATE. THE SURVEY IDENTIFIED THE MATERIAL FOR THE PRI-
MARY STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR EACH PROJECT BY SPEAKING DIRECTLY WITH THE ARCHITECT AND/OR STRUCTURAL ENGINEER OF RECORD. A TOTAL OF 44 PROJECTS WERE SURVEYED—THE COMPLETE LIST OF LEED CERTIFIED PROJECTS AS
OF MARCH 12, 2003. A SUMMARY TABLE OF THESE SURVEY RESULTS CAN BE ACCESSED AT WWW.AISC.ORG SUSTAINABILITY. STEEL BUILDINGS REPRESENT A LARGE PORTION OF THIS GROUP, EXCEEDING THEIR MARKET SHARE REPRESENTATION
AMONG BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE U.S. BUILDINGS IN WHICH STEEL FRAMING IS THE PRIMARY STRUCTURAL SYSTEM COMPRISE 50% OF THE LEED CERTIFIED BUILDINGS. WHEN PROJECTS WITH MORE THAN ONE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ARE CONSIDERED (MIXED SYSTEMS), STRUCTURAL STEEL IS INCLUDED IN 68% OF THE LEED CERTIFIED PROJECTS. STRUCTURAL STEEL HAS SUCCESSFULLY BEEN EMPLOYED ACROSS A WIDE VARIETY OF BUILDING TYPE,
BUILDING SIZE, AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION IN LEED-CERTIFIED PROJECTS.
10. STUDY MODELS AND PROCESS
STUDY MODELS AIDED IN UNDERSTANDING HOW THE LIGHT WORKS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA AND ALSO HOW TO
MANIPULATE THE LIGHT CONDITIONS AT THE SITE TO WORK IN FAVOR OF THE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.
MODELS WERE CREATED WITH SENSITIVITY TO THE PROGRAMS SPATIAL NEEDS VERSUS LIGHTING
REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THOSE SPACES. THE CRITERIA WERE SPACES THAT NEEDED THREE OF THE FOLLOWING:
LOW TO NO LIGHT, LOW TO MODERATE LIGHT AND MODERATE TO HIGH AMOUNTS OF LIGHT.
THE FIRST STUDY MODEL EXPLORES THE IDEA OF PURE LIGHT VERSUS DIFFUSED LIGHT COUPLED WITH PROGRAM.
THE SECOND STUDY MODEL ATTEMPTS STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION INTO THE LIGHT AND PROGRAM NEEDS.
FINALLY, THE THIRD MODEL SHOWS AN INTEGRATION OF A SKIN SYSTEM THAT WILL AID IN ACHIEVING ACCEPTABLE
LIGHT QUALITIES WITHIN THE STRUCTURE.
1ST STUDY - 66TH STREET 1ST STUDY - SUN CAVITY 1ST STUDY - PLAN
2ND STUDY 66TH STREET 2ND STUDY - 67TH STREET 2ND STUDY - STRUCTURE
3RD STUDY - PLAN 3RD STUDY - 66TH STREET 3RD STUDY - 67TH STREET 3RD STUDY - INTERIOR VIEW OF GYMNASIUM
11. RESOLUTION
INTERIOR VIEW AT CAFE
SITE PLAN 66TH STREET
22. RESOLUTION
HEAT ESCAPES
THROUGH VENTS
AT TOP OF DOUBLE
WALL
ENTS OPEN AND
CLOSE TO CONTROL
AIR FLOW WITHIN
THE DOUBLE WALL
AIR INTAKE VENTS
HELP TO CREATE
CIRCULATION WITHIN
DOUBLE WALL
SECTION THROUGH NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
23. RESOLUTION
VENTILATION SYSTEM COMPRISED
OF LOUVERS THAT OPEN AND
CLOSE TO CONTROL AIR FLOW AND
CIRCULATION
ARCHITECTURAL FIBERGLASS
MEMBRANE
DOUBLE SKIN EFFECTS BELOW 55 DEGREES DOUBLE SKIN EFFECTS ABOVE 65 DEGREES
GLASS FABRIC DIFFUSES LIGHT TO
EVEN “HOT SPOTS” DUE TO IRREGU-
LAR LIGHTING PATTERNS CASUED BY
NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS.
ROLLING SCREENING SYSTEM.
SCREEN SYSTEM TO SHADE SPACE
FROM
DIRECT SUNLIGHT EVEN
FURTHER. 10% - 20% OPEN
TO KEEP SPACE COOL IN SUMMER
WHILE STILL LETTING IN LIGHT
WARM AIR
SECTION THROUGH NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
24. LOUVERED VENTILA- RESOLUTION
TION SYSTEM ALLOWS
NATURAL VENTILATION
AND AIDS IN DIFFUSING VERTICAL CIRCULATION
LIGHT AND GLARE
DOUBLE SKIN ARCHI-
TECTURAL MEMBRANE
SYSTEM
STEEL STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM FOR ROOF
AND VENTILATION
SHAFT
REINFORCED
CONCRETE BEARING
WALLS
CONCRETE SLAB
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
