Leveraging the Power of Graph Databases in PHP

1. Leveraging the Power of Graph Databases in PHP Jeremy Kendall Nashville PHP November 2014

2. Obligatory Intro Slide

3. Also - New Father

4. What Kind of Database?

5. Graphs != Charts https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/markgroves/3065192499/

6. Graphs != Charts http://stephenwildish.tumblr.com/post/101408321763/friday-project-witch-moral-compass

7. Graph Databases

8. Graph Databases • Data Model! • Nodes with properties • Typed relationships

9. Graph Databases • Data Model! • Nodes with properties • Typed relationships • Strengths! • Highly connected data • ACID

10. Graph Databases • Data Model! • Nodes with properties • Typed relationships • Strengths! • Highly connected data • ACID • Weaknesses! • Paradigm shift

11. Graph Databases • Data Model! • Nodes with properties • Typed relationships • Strengths! • Highly connected data • ACID • Weaknesses! • Paradigm shift • Examples! • Neo4j, Titan, OrientDB

12. Why Care?

13. Why Care? • All the NoSQL Joy • Schema-less • Semi-structured data

14. Why Care? • All the NoSQL Joy • Schema-less • Semi-structured data • Escape from JOIN Hell

15. Why Care? • All the NoSQL Joy • Schema-less • Semi-structured data • Escape from JOIN Hell • Speed

16. Why Care?

17. Why Care? • Relationships have 1st class status

18. Why Care? • Relationships have 1st class status • Just as important as the objects connecting them

19. Why Care? • Relationships have 1st class status • Just as important as the objects connecting them • You can have properties & labels

20. Why Care? • Relationships have 1st class status • Just as important as the objects connecting them • You can have properties & labels • Multiple relationships

21. Why Care?

22. Speed Depth MySQL Query Time Neo4j Query Time Records Returned 2 0.028 (28 MS) 0.04 ~900 3 0.213 0.06 ~999 4 10.273 0.07 ~999 5 92.613 0.07 ~999 1,000 people with an average 50 friends each

23. Crazy Speed Depth MySQL Query Time Neo4j Query Time Records Returned 2 0.016 (16 MS) 0.01 ~2500 3 30.27 0.168 ~125,000 4 1543.505 1.359 ~600,000 5 Stopped after 1 hour 2.132 ~800,000 1,000,000 people with an average 50 friends each

24. Neo4j + Cypher

25. Cypher • Neo4j’s declarative query language • Easy to pick up • Some clauses and concepts familiar from SQL

26. Simple Example

27. Goal

28. Create Some Nodes CREATE (jk:Person { name: "Jeremy Kendall" })! CREATE (gs:Company { name: "Graph Story" })! ! CREATE (tn:State { name: "Tennessee" })! CREATE (memphis:City { name: "Memphis" })! CREATE (nashville:City { name: "Nashville" })! ! CREATE (hotchicken:Food { name: "Hot Chicken" })! CREATE (bbq:Food { name: "Barbecue" })! CREATE (photography:Hobby { name: "Photography" })! CREATE (language:Language { name: "PHP" })! ! // . . . snip . . .!

29. Create Some Relationships // . . . snip . . .! ! CREATE (jk)-[:WORKS_AT { title: {"CTO"}]->(gs),! (jk)-[:LIVES_IN]->(memphis)-[:LIVED_IN]->(nashville),! (hotchicken)-[:ONLY_IN]->(nashville),! (bbq)-[:ONLY_IN]->(memphis),! (jk)-[:LOVES]->(hotchicken),! ! // . . . snip . . .!

33. Example Cypher Query MATCH (p:Person { name: "Jeremy Kendall" })-[:LOVES]->(l)! WITH p, l! MATCH (p)-[:WORKS_AT]->(j)! WITH p, l, j! MATCH (p)-[:LIVES_IN]->(c:City)-[:LIVED_IN*0..]->(o:City)! RETURN p, l, j, o

40. Query Result

41. Neo4j + PHP

42. Neo4jPHP • PHP wrapper for the Neo4j REST API • Installable via Composer • Used internally at Graph Story • Used in this presentation • Well tested • https://packagist.org/packages/everyman/ neo4jphp

43. Also see: NeoClient • Written by Neoxygen • Alternative PHP wrapper for the Neo4j REST API • Installable via Composer • Under review for internal use at Graph Story • Well tested • https://packagist.org/packages/neoxygen/neoclient

44. Connecting $neo4jClient = new EverymanNeo4jClient(! ‘yourgraph.example.com’, ! 7473! );! ! $neo4jClient->getTransport()! ->setAuth('username', 'password')! ->getTransport()->useHttps();

45. Creating a Node and Label $node = new Node($neo4jClient);! ! $label = $neo4jClient->makeLabel('Person');! ! $node->setProperty('name', ‘Jeremy Kendall');! ! $node->save()->addLabels(array($label));

46. Searching // Searching for a label by property! $label = $neo4jClient->makeLabel('Person');! $nodes = $label->getNodes('name', $name);

47. Querying (Cypher) $queryString = ! 'MATCH (p:Person { name: { name }}) RETURN p';! ! $query = new EverymanNeo4jCypherQuery(! $neo4jClient,! $queryString,! ['name' => ‘Jeremy Kendall']! );! ! $result = $query->getResultSet();

48. Named Parameters

49. Named Parameters $queryString = ! 'MATCH (p:Person { name: { name }}) RETURN p';! ! $query = new EverymanNeo4jCypherQuery(! $neo4jClient,! $queryString,! ['name' => ‘Jeremy Kendall']! );! ! $result = $query->getResultSet();

50. Named Parameters $queryString = ! 'MATCH (p:Person { name: { name }}) RETURN p';! ! $query = new EverymanNeo4jCypherQuery(! $neo4jClient,! $queryString,! ['name' => ‘Jeremy Kendall']! );! ! $result = $query->getResultSet();

51. Content Modeling: News Feeds

52. News Feed • Modeled as a list of posts • Newest post ﬁrst • All subsequent posts follow • Relationships: LASTPOST and NEXTPOST

53. LASTPOST

54. NEXTPOST

55. The Content Model class Content! {! public $node;! public $nodeId;! public $contentId;! public $title;! public $url;! public $tagstr;! public $timestamp;! public $userNameForPost;! public $owner = false;! }

56. Adding Content public static function add($username, Content $content)! {! $queryString =<<<CYPHER! MATCH (user { username: {u}})! OPTIONAL MATCH (user)-[r:LASTPOST]->(lastpost)! DELETE r! CREATE (user)-[:LASTPOST]->(p:Content { title:{title}, url:{url}, tagstr:{tagstr}, timestamp:{timestamp}, contentId: {contentId} })! WITH p, collect(lastpost) as lastposts! FOREACH (x IN lastposts | CREATE p-[:NEXTPOST]->x)! RETURN p, {u} as username, true as owner! CYPHER;! ! $query = new Query(! Neo4jClient::client(),! $queryString,! array(! 'u' => $username,! 'title' => $content->title,! 'url' => $content->url,! 'tagstr' => $content->tagstr,! 'timestamp' => time(),! 'contentId' => uniqid()! )! );! $result = $query->getResultSet();! ! return self::returnMappedContent($result);! }

59. Adding Content MATCH (user { username: {u}})! OPTIONAL MATCH (user)-[r:LASTPOST]->(lastpost)! DELETE r! CREATE (user)-[:LASTPOST]->(p:Content { title:{title}, url: {url}, tagstr:{tagstr}, timestamp:{timestamp}, contentId: {contentId} })! WITH p, collect(lastpost) as lastposts! FOREACH (x IN lastposts | CREATE p-[:NEXTPOST]->x)! RETURN p, {u} as username, true as owner

65. Adding Content $query = new Query(! $neo4jClient,! $queryString,! array(! 'u' => $username,! 'title' => $content->title,! 'url' => $content->url,! 'tagstr' => $content->tagstr,! 'timestamp' => time(),! 'contentId' => uniqid()! )! );! ! $result = $query->getResultSet();

66. Retrieving Content public static function getContent($username, $skip)! {! $queryString = <<<CYPHER! MATCH (u:User { username: { u }})-[:FOLLOWS*0..1]->f! WITH DISTINCT f, u! MATCH f-[:LASTPOST]-lp-[:NEXTPOST*0..]-p! RETURN p, f.username as username, f = u as owner! ORDER BY p.timestamp desc SKIP { skip } LIMIT 4! CYPHER;! ! $query = new Query(! Neo4jClient::client(),! $queryString,! array(! 'u' => $username,! 'skip' => $skip,! )! );! ! $result = $query->getResultSet();! ! return self::returnMappedContent($result);! }

67. Retrieving Content MATCH (u:User { username: { u }})-[:FOLLOWS*0..1]->f! WITH DISTINCT f, u! MATCH f-[:LASTPOST]-lp-[:NEXTPOST*0..]-p! RETURN p, f.username as username, f = u as owner! ORDER BY p.timestamp desc SKIP { skip } LIMIT 4

73. Editing Content public static function edit(Content $content)! {! $updatedAt = time();! ! $node = $content->node;! $node->setProperty('title', $content->title);! $node->setProperty('url', $content->url);! $node->setProperty('tagstr', $content->tagstr);! $node->setProperty('updated', $updatedAt);! $node->save();! ! $content->updated = $updatedAt;! ! return $content;! }

78. Deleting Content public static function delete($username, $contentId)! {! $queryString = self::getDeleteQueryString(! $username, ! $contentId! );! ! $params = array(! 'username' => $username,! 'contentId' => $contentId,! );! ! $query = new Query(! $neo4jClient,! $queryString, ! $params! );! $query->getResultSet();! }

82. Deleting Content: Leaf // If leaf! MATCH (u:User { username: { username }})-[:LASTPOST| NEXTPOST*0..]->(c:Content { contentId: { contentId }})! WITH c! MATCH (c)-[r]-()! DELETE c, r

87. Deleting Content: LASTPOST // If last! MATCH (u:User { username: { username }})-[lp:LASTPOST]- >(del:Content { contentId: { contentId }})-[np:NEXTPOST]- >(nextPost)! CREATE UNIQUE (u)-[:LASTPOST]->(nextPost)! DELETE lp, del, np

91. Deleting Content: Other // All other! MATCH (u:User { username: { username }})-[:LASTPOST| NEXTPOST*0..]->(before),! (before)-[delBefore]->(del:Content { contentId: { contentId }})-[delAfter]->(after)! CREATE UNIQUE (before)-[:NEXTPOST]->(after)! DELETE del, delBefore, delAfter

96. Questions?

97. Thanks! ! jeremy.kendall@graphstory.com @JeremyKendall http://www.graphstory.com

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