asexual reproduction and cloning

1. 5e: Asexual Reproduction &
5f: Cloning
• Describe the 5 types of asexual reproduction and give examples
• List advantages and disadvantages of reproducing asexually
• Describe the process of reproductive cloning
• Describe the process of therapeutic cloning

2. Reproduction
 Reproduction – the process of generating offspring
 Sexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction
requiring genetic input from two parents. Produces
genetically unique offspring
 Asexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction where
a single parent produces offspring that are genetically
identical to each other and the parent.

3. Asexual Reproduction
Advantages
 Able to produce large numbers
of offspring quickly
 Large colonies can outcompete
other organisms and increase
chances of species survival
 No energy required to find a
suitable mate
Disadvantages
 Offspring are identical so a
single negative mutation can
wipe out an entire population
 No variation in population so
entire colony can be killed by
bad conditions
 Many offspring close together
may compete for
food/resources

4. Types of Asexual Reproduction
 Use text pages 168-174 to fill out the “Five Types of
Asexual Reproduction” chart
1. BINARY FISSION
2. BUDDING
3. FRAGMENTATION
4. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
5. SPORE FORMATION

5. Cloning
 A clone is an identical genetic copy of the parent
organism
 Human assisted cloning falls into two categories
 Reproductive Cloning
 Therapeutic Cloning

6. Reproductive Cloning
 Making an entire organism that is genetically identical
to the parent.
 Purpose: Make a duplicate of an existing organism
with desirable characteristics.

7. What have we cloned?
 Tadpole – 1953
 Fish - 1963
 Mice -1986
 Sheep -1995
 Monkey -2000
 Pig -2000
 Guar -2001
 Cow -2001
 Cat -2001
 Rat -2003
 Mule -2003
 Horse -2003
 Dog -2005
 Wolf -2005
 Water buffalo -2009
 Ibex -2009 (extinct)
 Camel -2009
 Goat -2012

8. Reproductive Cloning Procedure
 Requirements:
 Somatic (body) cell from organism to be cloned
 Donor egg cell with nucleus removed
 Surrogate mother to carry and deliver the clone
 Process:
 Fuse somatic cell with the donor egg cell (nucleus removed)
 Implant egg into surrogate mother
 Clone develops in surrogate and is born
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/

9. Dolly the Sheep – First mammal clone
from an adult cell (1995)

10. Why reproductive cloning?
 Science – we clone because we can
 Create animal models of disease – Purposefully create
many animals with the same genetic mutations for
testing possible treatments
 Revive endangered or extinct species – Jurrasic park
 Reproducing a pet – For $50,000 - $100,00 you can
clone your pet when they die.
 Cloning livestock with desirable traits – Fast, milky or
meaty
 Drug production – Genetically engineer drug or
protein producing organisms then clone

11. Therapeutic Cloning
 Using stem cells to replace damaged cells or grow
new organs or tissues
 Purpose: Correct health problems by producing
specialized tissues and organs that are a perfect
match for transplant.
 Stem Cells: Undifferentiated cells that have the
potential to become many different types of cells.
Found in bone marrow and embryos

12. Therapeutic Cloning
 Requirements:
 Cell from patient
 Donor egg cell with nucleus removed
 Process
 Nucleus from the patient is implanted into donor egg
cell and an embryo begins to develop
 Stem cells are removed from the embryo and are grown
into the required tissue or organ
 New tissue or organ is transplanted into the patient

13. Therapeutic Cloning