SAFETY AND HEALTH INITIATIVES IN THE WINDPOWER INDUSTRY. Courtesy of AWEA, U.S.

1. 1
Safety and Health Outlook:
Wind Energy
June 7, 2010
Michele Myers
Manager, Labor, Health and Safety Policy
American Wind Energy Association
American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
• Founded in 1974
More than 2,500 business members
• Wind project developers
• Transportation and construction companies
• Manufacturers from bolts to turbines
• More than 8,000 parts in a turbine
• www.AWEA.org provides extensive info on wind
American Wind Energy Association
Trade association for the wind energy industry
Over 2,500 business members
www.awea.org
• Develops policies and conducts analysis to support
wind industry growthwind industry growth
• Executes wind industry’s legislative agenda
• Promotes wind energy through advocacy,
advertising and media relations
• Convenes conferences and workshops to educate
the public and bring industry members together

2. 2
History of Wind EnergyHistory of Wind Energyy gyy gy
An Age-Old Energy Source
Early Days
• Cretan windmill (1464
AD – mechanical water
pumping)
• Dutch windmill (1500 –
mechanical watermechanical water
pumping, grain milling)
• U.S. farm windmill (1854
– present – mechanical
water pumping)

3. 3
Early Days
• Brush Turbine (1888)
• First large-scale unit (17-m rotor diameter)
• Small wind electric turbines (1890s –
Denmark, U.S., elsewhere)
• Sporadic experiments with turbines of ~100
kW in U.K., Italy, Germany (1920s and 1930s)
Early Days
• Smith-Putnam Turbine
• Grandpa Knob,
Castleton, VT
• 175-foot rotor, 1.25-MW
capacity
• Operated from late
1941 to spring of 1945
• Economic failure –
technological triumph
• Foundation footings
still in place
Post-1973 Oil Shock
• Federal Wind R&D Program
• Outgrowth of Eisenhower-
era NSF program
• Sponsored procurements in
range of sizesrange of sizes
• Boeing MOD-2 is icon (300-
foot rotor, 3-MW capacity)
• Helped build technology
and engineering base

4. 4
Post-1973 Oil Shock
1978 – Second oil shock leads to:
• Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
(PURPA)
• Requires utilities to buy electricity from renewable
and cogeneration facilities
• Energy Tax Act of 1978
• Creates 15% Energy Investment Tax Credit (EITC)
• Added to existing 10% ITC
• Limited Partnership Structure -> Wind Farms
Early Wind Farm Era
• First Wind Farm – Crotched Mountain, NH, December
1980 (equipment failures, wind speed overestimated)
• California Wind Farms – Altamont, Tehachapi, San
Gorgonio passes, December 1981
• Wind begins explosive growth, ended abruptly with
sunset of EITC in December 1985
Wind Turbines:
Power for a House or City

5. 5
Basic Supply Chain
Raw
Materials
Component
Suppliers
Major
Component
Turbine
Manufacturers
Suppliers Suppliers
Turbine Manufacturers create a ripple effect down the supply
chain, creating even more jobs indirectly than at their facilities.
Fundamentals of Wind Power
Rotor
Turbine subsystems include:
• A rotor, or blades, which convert
the wind's energy into rotational
shaft energy
•A nacelle (enclosure) containing
a drive train, usually including a
b d t
Nacelle
Tower
gearbox and a generator
•A tower, to support the rotor and
drive train; and electronic
equipment such as controls,
electrical cables, ground support
equipment, and interconnection
equipment.
Inside a Nacelle

6. 6
59.6
80
This picture shows a
Vestas 80-meter
diameter, 2-MW wind
t bi i d
80 m.
59.6 m.
How Big is a 2-MW Wind Turbine?
turbine superimposed
on a Boeing 747
jumbo jet
Towers:
Towers
Ladders
Lifts
Rotor:
Hub
Nose Cone
Nacelle:
Nacelle Cover
Nacelle Base
Heat exchanger
Controllers
Generator
Power Electronics
Lubricants
Filtration
Foundation:
Rebar
Concrete
Casings
Other:
Transformers
Bolts/Fasteners
There are over 8,000 components in a turbine, including:
Turbine Components
Blades
• Composites
• Blade Core
Pitch Mechanisms
Drives
Brakes
Rotary Union
Filtration
Insulation
Gearbox
Pump
Drivetrain
Ceramics
Shaft
Wire
Paints and Coatings
Lighting
Lighting Protection
Steel Working/Machining
Communication Devices
Control and Condition Monitoring Equipment
Electrical Interface and Electrical Connection
Batteries
Bearings
Brakes
2
• Hub Height: 60-100
meters (197-328
feet)
• Rotor Diameter: 70-
100 meters (230-328
Wind Power Technology
100 meters (230 328
feet)
• Total Weight of
Turbine: 230 - 340
tons

7. 7
Small Wind Systems
• Range from 0.3 to
100 kW
• Installed in on-
and off-grid
applications
• Require 4 m/s (9
mph) average
wind sites
Large Wind Systems
• Range in size from
660 kW to 3.6 MW
• Provide wholesale
bulk power
• Require average
wind speeds of 6wind speeds of 6
m/s (13 mph)
• One megawatt of
wind generates
about as much
electricity as 225 to
300 households use
U.S. Wind Resource Map
Copyright © 2008 3TIER, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For permission to
reproduce or distribute: info@3tiergroup.com

8. 8
JobsJobs -- Wind EnergyWind Energy
20% Wind Energy by 2030
• U.S. Department of Energy:
“The U.S. possesses
sufficient and affordable
wind resources to obtain
at least 20% of itsat least 20% of its
electricity from wind by
the year 2030.”
Job Projections Under 20% Report
• Over 500,000
total jobs
would be
supported by
the wind
industryindustry
• In 2008, wind
industry
added 35,000
new jobs
Source: U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030

9. 9
Wind Project Development
46 states
would have
wind
development
by 2030
d thunder the
20% Vision
Source: U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030
Domestically Manufactured Components
2005
2008
There has been a dramatic shift towards domestic
manufacturing for wind turbine components
2008
Domestically Mfg Components
Inported Components
~25% domestic components
~2,500 MW installed
~1,500 turbines installed
~50% domestic components
~8,500 MW installed
~5,300 turbines installed
Domestically Mfg Components
Inported Components
Current Manufacturing Capacity
• There are well over 120 manufacturing
facilities for turbines and large components
currently online in the U.S.
• U.S. manufacturers are producing all the
turbine’s componentsturbine s components.
• In 2005, about 30% of turbine & major
components were made in the U.S., but in
2008 domestically manufactured components
in turbines accounted for about 50% by value.

10. 10
Turbine Manufacturers with a U.S. Presence
• Acciona
• Clipper
• DeWind
• Gamesa
• GE Energy
• Siemens
• Suzlon
• Vestas
• Fuhrlander (Announced)
• Global Wind Systems (Announced)
• Nordex (Announced)
• Nordic (Announced)
U.S. Manufacturing Locations
• Over 40 U.S. states host more than 160 wind-
related manufacturing facilities
• Wind manufacturing is spread across the
U.S. with major turbine manufacturers
operating in varied regionsoperating in varied regions
• With the growth in the industry, many states
have recently entered into the supply chain.
4
Primary States for Manufacturing
States with five or more major facilities
(online or announced):
•California
•Colorado
•Iowa
•Illinoiso s
•Michigan
•Minnesota
•Ohio
•Pennsylvania
•South Carolina
•Texas

11. 11
Turbine Manufacturer Locations
Nordic Fuhrlander
(announced)
Suzlon
Blades
only
Acciona,
Clipper
Gamesa
Global Wind
Systems
(announced)
Siemens
(announced)
GE
Energy
GE Energy,
Continental
(announced)
Vestas
DeWind Nordex, EWT,
Mitsubishi
(all announced)
New U.S. Manufacturing Capacity
Between 1Q 2007 and 4Q 2008 (24 months),
there was significant growth in the
industry’s manufacturing capacity.
• 19 new facilities online
• 31 announced facilities31 announced facilities
• 21 announced facility expansions
A total of 71 facilities have come on-line,
been announced, or have expanded.
3
MarketMarket
U d tU d tUpdateUpdate

12. 12
2009 Highlights
• Nearly 10,000 MW installed in 2009
• 39% annual growth
• Total installations now above 35 GW
• Shattered all installation records thanks to the
Recovery ActRecovery Act
• Turbine manufacturing is down compared to last
year’s levels
• Need long-term policy certainty and market pull in
order to grow manufacturing sector
U.S. is World Leader in Wind Power
U.S. Wind Industry: 2009
Second year in a row adding over 40% of US capacity
MWInstalled
Total Installation in 4Q 2009:
4,041 MW
Total Installation in 2009:
9,922 MW
Total U.S. Installation through 4Q 2009:
35,159 MW
WindM
Source: American Wind Energy Association

13. 13
Wind Power Installations by State
Top Ten States in 2009
Source: American Wind Energy Association
Top 10 Largest Wind Farms

14. 14
State by State Installations (MW)
Source: American Wind Energy Association
Market Players
• Turbines Installed in 2009: Acciona WP, Clipper,
DeWind, Fuhrlander, Gamesa, GE Energy,
Mitsubishi, Nordex, REpower, Siemens, Suzlon &
Vestas
• The project developer list continues to diversify and
change with new developers increasing their activity
in 2009 and other developers decreasing market
activity.
• Utility ownership of wind projects trending at similar
rates of 2008, more community-owned projects
Other Half of the Market: Manufacturing
• The U.S. continues to add new manufacturing
facilities, but growth is down by a third:
• 38 online, announced or expanded manufacturing
facilities in 2009, compared to 58 facilities in 2009.
• As new turbine orders continue to come in slowly,
some manufacturing production is running at
significantly decreased levels compared to 2008 duesignificantly decreased levels compared to 2008 due
to decreased demand and some excess supply.
• Establishment of a long-term, stable market is still
the key to unleashing investment in manufacturing
capabilities in the U.S.
• Countries are competing through policy for the wind
industry, wind manufacturing and jobs!

15. 15
U.S. Wind Manufacturing
Major facilities online prior to 2008
All new online in 2008 - 2009
Announced facilitiesSource: American Wind Energy Association; Updated Through 4Q2009
2008 Turbine Statistics
Turbine installed the
most in the U.S. in
2008 was the 1.5-MW
turbine. Average
turbine capacity is
1.67 MW
Turbine Components
Turbine Ranges
Occupational Safety and Health = Core
Value
● Improve Worker Safety and Health
● Support of Continuous Education and
Training of Employers and Employees in the
Wind Industry
● Work Cooperatively with Regulating
Agencies to Ensure the Safety and Health for
All Workers

16. 16
AWEA Safety and Health Committee
● AWEA Safety and Health Committee
• Created 3 years ago
• Over 450 members participating
9 b itt d t k f• 9 subcommittees and task forces
• 20-50 participants on each subcommittee
• Monthly conference calls
• Address the most pressing issues within the
industry
AWEA Safety and Health Committee
● Steering Committee
● Construction Safety Subcommittee
● Manufacturing Safety Subcommittee
● O&M Safety Subcommittee
● Training and Education Subcommittee
● Offshore Safety Subcommittee
● Safety Survey Subcommittee
● Confined Space Task Force
● LOTO Task Force
Safety and Health Initiatives
● Education and Understanding the Intricacies of
Development and the Sustainability of Wind
Generation Plants

17. 17
Safety and Health Initiatives
● Empowering Workers to be
Engaged and Take Ownership
in Worker Safety and Health
Programs
Safety and Health Initiatives
● Collect and Monitor Injury, Illness,
and Fatality Data
• Leading Indicators
• Injuries, Illness, and Fatalities
Wh t th C• What are the Causes
• Where are the Accidents
● Identify the High Hazard Areas
● Develop Solutions to Eliminate or
Significantly Reduce Hazards
Identify High Risk Hazards
•Falls
•Emergency Rescue
•Confined Space
•Environmental Conditions

18. 18
Training Initiatives
Create and Develop
Appropriate Safety and Health
Training Programs and
Educational Materials for All
Sectors of the Wind Industry
•OSHA 10 Hour
•OSHA 30 Hour
•Supervisor
•Emergency Rescue
•Confined Space
Thank you!
More information :
Michele Myers
Manager, Labor, Health and Safety Policy
www.awea.org | 202-383-2500 | mmyers@awea.org
www.awea.org/events