3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Common throughout marine, freshwater,
terrestrial, and even aerial environments
• Body usually segmented and jointed externally
(divided into 3 major parts: head, thorax,
abdomen) with appendages that are equipped
for feeding, sensory reception, defense, and
locomotion; with hardened exoskeleton
containing chitin and molted at intervals
4. Complete digestive tract
(mandible-chewing or proboscissucking) with a dorsal heart and a
ventral nervous system
Sensory organs include antennae
and hairs, simple and compound
eye
Reproduces (mostly sexually), one
to several larval stage
5. The muscle system is
more or less assisted
by hydraulics
originated from the
blood pressure
created by the heart
Respiration through
gills, trachea, book
lungs or body surface
With open circulatory
system. Haemolymph
that contains
haemocyanin, a
copper-based
oxygen-carrying
protein
6. REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS: Ants, Butterfly,
Grasshopper, Beetles, Lobsters, Spiders etc.
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITOMORPHA
• CLASS TRILOBITA – Trilobites
SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA
• CLASS ARACHNIDA – Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks
• CLASS MEROSTOMATA – Horseshoe crabs
• CLASS PYCNOGONIDA – Sea spiders
7. • CLASS CEPHALOCARIDA – Horseshoe
shrimp
• CLASS MAXILLOPODA – Barnacles, and
Fish lice
• CLASS MALACOSTRATA – Lobsters,
Crabs,
and Shrimps
8. SUBPHYLUM MARIAPODA
• CLASS CHILOPODA – Centipedes
• CLASS DIPLOPODA - Millipedes
SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA
• CLASS INSECTA – Insects
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA
• Class Branchiopoda – Brine shrimp
13. •
Insects that have piercing and sucking
mouthparts are called BUGS while BEETLES are
insects distinguished as those having forewings
modified into hard wing cases that cover and protect
the hind wings and abdomen!
23. • In other insects. The young that
from the egg undergoes little or
no structural changes, as they
grow older. Such pattern of
development is called
ametabolab.
31. • Echinoderms are chiefly marine
invertebrates. They have bodies
covered with spines. Their bodies
are composed of calcuim
32. • They have a water vascular system ,
which function for locomotion,
respiration, and feeding. The tips of
the tube feet contain most of the
organism’s sensory neurons. The
tube feet are used to attach to
objects, for protection, as well as to
obtain food.
33.
34. ● Sexual reproduction in echinoderms
usually involves the release of gametes
by separate males and females into
the seawater.
●The radial adults develop by
metamorphosis from bilateral larvae.
35. ● The radial appearance of most adult
echinoderms is the result of a secondary
adaptation to a sessile lifestyle.
- Their larvae are clearly bilateral and even
echinoderm adults are not truly radial in their
anatomy.
36. ● All 7,000 or so species of echinoderms are marine.
● They are divided into six classes:
Asteroidea (sea stars)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
38. Class
Main characteristics
Asteroidea
(Starfish@ sea star)
•Five
arms
(sometimes
more).
• Bear tube feet, which act
like a suction disc, part of
water vascular system.
• Mouth generally lower (oral)
surface of body, anus on
upper (aboral) surface.
41. Class
Main characteristics
Holothuroidea
(Sea cucumber)
• Elongated.
• Lack spines.
• Hard endoskeleton is reduced.
• Five rows of tube feet, part of
water vascular system.
• Some of the tube feet around the
mouth are developed as feeding
tentacles.
45. • This is the oldest and most primitive of all
classes of echinoderms.
• The sea lily is attached to the substratum by
a long stalk and thus sessile.
• Sea lily is star-shaped, and posses long
feather arms around the mouth (oral)
which is on the upper side, and has no
spine in its body wall.
47. Class
Main characteristics
Echinoidea
(Sea urchin & sand dollars)
• Have no arms.
• Have 5rows of tube feet that
function in slow movement.
• Sea urchins are roughly
spherical while san dollars
are flattened & disc shape.
48.
49. • Sea urchin has no arm, but has five
bands of tube feet.
• Its body is spherical, and is covered with
long spines.
• The plates of the endoskeleton are
fused to form a rigid structure.
• The mouth is on the oral surface, and
the intestine is long and coiled.
50.
51. Keyhole urchin's body is covered with skin, muscle
tissue, and short, fine spines that are used for
burrowing. Rows of tube feet extend through holes
forming the five "petals" on the top side.
56. Role of Echinodermata
• Star fish- Threaten the coral reef.
• Crown-of-thorns starfish (animal
with
venomous spines).
• The only real predator of the dark starfish is
the triton. But triton are being over-harvested,
allowing the starfish to increase its numbers.
• Because the main food of the crown-of-thorns
starfish is coral, and the starfish population
continues to grow, the coral reef ecosystem is
being thrown out of balance.
