x town report

Content:
1. Introduction 3
2. A Town 4-5
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town 6-8
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns/cities 9-11
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township 12
6. The New “X” Town / Or the new name 13-16
7. The Conclusion 17
8. References list 17
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1. Introduction
The aim of this final assignment is to understand the components and elements of a town
and what makes a better livable and sustainable town. It is divided into 2 parts:
A. An A4 report and short 3 minutes video slide presentation. This is an individual
assignment that aims to investigate and understand the context related to TOWN and THE
BUILT ENVIRONMENT plus to propose a better livable town.
B. Prepare maximum 3 A2 presentation board and a physical model. This is a group
assignment to produce a physical model by using recyclable and maximum 3 A2
presentation board to explain further about this town.
As mayor of “X” town, each student will have to propose a new layout for a town because
of reasons that it is too crowded. The “X” town conditions:
- Size should be about 30km² or smaller about 15-30 km²
- Population in between 80,000-200,000
- Location is in Malaysia
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- Must follow a certain grids which are square grid, triangle grid, hexagon grid, radial
grid or mix grid.
When it comes to a group, each group should choose one kind of the following town:
- A town with lake
- A town with a river flowing right through the town
- A town on a small island
- A town next to sea or estuary
When planning for the “X” town, students are required to consider and include the
followings:
- The geometric shape, form, pattern, hierarchy, system and structure
- Main focus of the town
- Zoning of the town
- The people, population, social issues, activities, food distribution, culture and religion
- Transportation, networking and communications
- Infrastructure, utility, services and amenities
- Sustainable and better living initiative
The town
1 The Town Definition
City is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.
2 What is the brief history?
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The word town shares an origin with the German word Zaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the Old
Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the original meaning of the word: a fence of any
material. An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom (cf. Old Irish dun, Welsh din "fortress, fortified place,
camp," dinas "city;"
In English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences
enclosed. In England, a town was a small city that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or
other larger fortifications, and built a palisade or stockade instead. In the Netherlands, this space was
a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, which had a high fence or a wall around them (like
the garden of palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn, which was the example for the privy garden of William and
Mary at Hampton Court). In Old Norse tun means a (grassy) place between farmhouses, and is still
used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian.
3 What makes a town?
1. Size and density of the population should be above normal.
2. Differentiation of the population. Not all residents grow their own food, leading to specialists.
3. Payment of taxes to a deity or king.
4. Monumental public buildings.
5. Those not producing their own food are supported by the king.
6. Systems of recording and practical science.
7. A system of writing.
8. Development of symbolic art.
9. Trade and import of raw materials.
10. Specialist craftsmen from outside the kin-group.
4 What makes a good town/ township?
• Room to walk with dignity, integrity and without overcrowding
• Comfortable climatic conditions – sun and shade depending on the season and protection
from the wind
• Pleasant facades at street level to stroll alongside and observe
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• Good conditions for people with disabilities and people with prams
• Clear structure in the pedestrian system – it should be easy to find your way around
• A pedestrian system that connects important destinations
• Ability to promenade through the town
• Good walking rhythm with few interruptions
• Few and short waiting times at intersections
• Many well-placed benches
• Widespread secondary seating – such as steps and edges of planter boxes
• Well-situated cafes and outdoor restaurants
• Beautiful and effective lighting
• Space for cultural activities and communication
• Space for street theatre, clowns and jesters, music and small-scale commercial activities
• Democratic public spaces for all.
• Low level of noise and few disturbances
• Intimate public spaces
• Fine views and good details
• Interesting facades, window displays and exhibits
• A lively, diverse and safe city to move around in
• A wide variety of uses both day and night
• Residences to ensure a 24 hour city
• Educational institutions to ensure life and vitality
• Open in the evenings with lit window displays
• Safe places and streets day and night.
5 What is future town?
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Future town is a more sustainable and livable town which provides good solutions to the
problems facing by the current towns.
• Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities / towns
ANCIENT ROME
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1 When did it start?
It began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.
2 Which ancient city are you concentrating on?
Ancient Rome is an Italic civilization that located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on
the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world with an
estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population and covering 6.5
million square kilometers (2.5 million sq. mi) during its height between the first and second
centuries AD.
3 What makes is a significant city and what are the details?
1. Aqueducts
2. The concretes used
3. Newspaper. These early newspapers were written on metal or stone
4. Romans Arches
5. The Julian Calendar
6. Battlefield surgery
7. The Twelve Tables and the Corpus Juris Civilis
8. Colloseum
4 Conclusion about the cities
Ancient Rome has a good water and waste management which can use for the future city by
using its concept to make our own management.
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5 What information or element that you can use to your new
future city?
Sanitation in ancient Rome was a complex system similar in many ways to modern sanitation
systems.
• Sewer system
The Romans had a complex system of sewers covered by stones, much like modern sewers.
Waste flushed from the latrines flowed through a central channel into the main sewage
system and thence into a nearby river or stream. However, it was not uncommon for Romans
to throw waste out of windows into the streets, at least according to Roman satirists. Despite
this, Roman waste management is admired for its innovation.
• Public latrines
The Romans recycled public bath waste water by using it as part of the flow that flushed the
latrines. Terra cotta piping was used in the plumbing that carried waste water from homes.
The Romans were the first to seal pipes in concrete to resist the high water pressures
developed in siphons and elsewhere.
• Aqueducts
The aqueducts provided the large volumes of water that—after serving drinking, bathing, and
other needs—flushed through the sewers. Aqueducts were used everywhere in the empire not
just to supply drinking water for private houses but to supply other needs such as irrigation,
public fountains, and thermal.
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HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLON
Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near
present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. The Babylonian priest Berossus, writing in about
290 BC and quoted later by Josephs, attributed the gardens to the Neo-Babylonian king
Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled between 605 and 562 BC. There are no extant Babylonian texts
which mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in
Babylon.
What information or element that you can use to your new
future city?
Green roof
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon hardly had the same environmental benefits of today’s rooftop
greenery - one scholar estimates the gardens would have required 8,200 gallons of irrigation
water a day!
Present Towns / township
CAPE TOWN
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1 When did it start? History and all
Cape Town originally developed by the Dutch East India Company as a victualing (supply)
station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on
6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town
quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope,
becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush
and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa. Today it is
one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for
immigrants and expatriates to South Africa. In 2011 the metropolitan region had an estimated
population of 3.74 million. The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the
International Council of Societies of Industrial Design. In 2014 Cape Town was named the best
place in the world to visit by The New York Times
2 What town are you concentrating on?
Cape Town is the second-most populous city in South Africa, after Johannesburg, and the
provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is
also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan
municipality. The city is famous for its harbour, for its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, as
well as for such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. It located on the shore of
Table Bay.
3 Conclusion about the towns
Cape Town not only famous in travel but it used many green technologies to makes it more
sustainable.
5. What information or element that you can use to your new
town?
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• Renewable-source electricity - the Darling wind farm
• Nuclear-powered electricity
PORTLAND
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Portland is a city in the State of Oregon, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia
rivers. According to the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, estimated to have
reached 592,120 in 2013, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States. Portland
is Oregon's most populous city, and the third most populous city in the Pacific Northwest
region, after Seattle, Washington, and Vancouver, British Columbia. Approximately 2,314,554
people live in the Portland metropolitan area (MSA), the 19th most populous MSA in the United
States. Because of its public transportation networks and efficient land-use planning, Portland
has been recognized as one of the most environmentally conscious cities in the world.
town?
• Cover suitable rooftops on new and existing buildings with soil and vegetation: Ecoroofs, Roof-
gardens
• Remove unnecessary pavement and excavate areas to allow stormwater runoff to enter and
plant vegetation
• Plant trees.
• Daylight Creeks and restore natural areas.
The future of towns and Better Towns
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TIAN JIN ECO-CITY
It is the world’s biggest eco-city in development that will be around half of Manhattan. The
team’s hope is to build a sustainable city from polluted land. It aims to house 350,000 people
in a low-carbon, green environment by year 2020.
town?
• Cleaning up
Technology removing toxic heavy metals from water will help turn the
polluted reservoir into a boating lake for trading.
• Road-testing technology
Tian Jin eco-city will be a test bed for several new technologies, such as next
generation driverless EN-V cars.
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• The New “X” City / the New NAME?
1 How did you come up with the solution to create this new
town?
A new town named EXOTIC TOWN has been proposed to solve the overcrowded problem of the
city.
2 What is the important characteristic and elements?
TRANSPORTATION
The Credo E-Bone is a bus that has been designed by Peter Simon and is a public transportation that
is powered by lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. This futuristic green transportation is a zero-
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emission one with four in-wheel electric motors whose power source is located on the roof of the bus.
The bus has a bone-like structure and is made out of composite plastic that makes it lightweight as
well.
Inspired by plants, the car generates fuel for itself using nothing more than sunlight and water, the
two fuels for plants to carry out their natural processes. The transparent solar cells that the car is
equipped with generates electricity from ambient light and uses it to carry out electrolysis of water,
finally generating hydrogen, which fuels the car.
The future is powered by nuclear and wind. Public transportation is robust.
SYSTEM
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1) Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches
the aquifer. Uses include water for garden, water for livestock, water for irrigation, and indoor
heating for houses etc. In many places the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit with
percolation. The harvested water can be used as drinking water as well as for storage and other
purpose like irrigation. Every building in EXOTIC TOWN will have this system in it.
2) Public Bike System
It is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term
basis. The main purpose is transportation: bike share allows people to depart from point "A" and
arrive at point "B" free from the worries of ownership.
Others
1) Green Roof/ Green Buildings
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A green roof is helping to reduce the amount of stormwater released from a roof from a
given rainfall event, it’s important to measure how much rain has fallen and how much has
left the roof via downspouts and drains. In a green roof system, the roof runoff is
equivalent to the total rainfall volume minus evapotranspiration and soil retention.
2) Renewable energy
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot
water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
3) Vertical Farming/ Skyfarming
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It is a theoretical form of agriculture which can be done in urban high-rises. In these farmscrapers
(high-rises) food such as vegetables, fruit, fish, and even live-stock can be raised by using
greenhouse growing methods.
3 Conclusion about the new X town
EXOTIC TOWN is a more sustainable and livable compared to others. It is a pollution-free, more
greener and eco-friendly town.
Conclusion
The Earth had been polluted by pollution that comes from several sources which are carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, CFCs and etc. Therefore, citizens and government should have come
up with a solution to reduce the pollution in order to make our Earth healthier as it is now in
serious sick.
As the mayor of new “X” town, I had proposed a town to overcome the problem of
overcrowding. It contains a few of green technologies which make the town more sustainable,
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greener, livable and also pollution-free. Because of the town encourage citizens use bicycle as
major transportation, so this will decrease the effect of air pollution.
I’ve learnt more about those green technologies and how to make a town green and
sustainable. I had also realized that Malaysia is not that green compared to other foreign cities
as our city have nobody using bicycle as transportation every day. I hope that our city would be
improved as well as other cities.
Reference Links
Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved from www.en.eikipedia.com
Onset Computer Corporation. (2014). Retrieved 1995, from Green Roof Monitoring:
http://www.onsetcomp.com/green-roof-monitoring
Liptan, T. (n.d.). Ecoroofs & Other Green City Strategies in Portland, Oregon. Retrieved from EPA:
http://www.epa.gov/heatisland/resources/pdf/EcoroofsandGreenCityStrategies.pdf
Nelson, B. (2013). Could vertical farming be the future? Retrieved 2013, from NBCNEWS.com:
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21154137/
Planet, S. (2012, May 3). China's eco-cities: Sustainable urban living in Tianjin. Retrieved May 3, 2012,
from BBC: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120503-sustainable-cities-on-the-rise
Gehl Architects 2002, Public Spaces and Public Life: City of Adelaide 2002, Adelaide.
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