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III
L’essai pressiométrique
et le calcul des
Fondations Profondes
1) Définition du pieu et terminologie
Il s’agit d’une fondation élancée. tête
pointe
fût
h
D
B
De
h: profondeur
d’ancrage
D: ancrage
géométrique
De: ancrage
mécanique
De/B > 5
2) Comportement mécanique et sollicitations
Chargement centré
comprimé
Chargement
horizontal
3) Charge limite d’un pieu
Contrainte limite qp
frottement latéral
unitaire qsi
Charge limite de frottement
latéral Qs
Qs = p.Sqsi.hsi
Charge limite de pointe Qp
Qp = qp.A(section du pieu)
Qu = Qsu + Qpu
P:
4) Profondeur critique Dc
Plastification en pointe
Dc
Dc
Pour la profondeur Dc, l’effort de pointe
Qu reste constant.
Valeurs admises pour la profondeur Dc.
• Pieu dans un sol homogène
• Pieu ancré en pied
Dc = 6B
Dc = 3B dans la formation
résistante
5) Détermination de qu avec le pressiomètre
qu = kp.ple*
kp : coefficient de portance
ple* : pression limite nette équivalente
kp : coefficient de portance
pieu foré pieu battu
Classification des sols
ple* : pression limite nette équivalente
D
z
ple*
3a
pl*




a
D
b
D
dz
z
pl
a
b
3
).
(
*
3
1
ple* =
b
h
b = min{a,h}
a = 0,5m si B<1m
a = 0,5.B si B>1m
6) Détermination de qs avec le pressiomètre
4
qs(MPa)
pl*(MPa)
3
2
1 5
0,1
0,2
0,3
Q2
Q1
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
(1) Réalésage et rainurage en fin de forage.
(2) Pieux de grande longueur (supérieure à 30 m).
(3) Forage à sec, tube non louvoyé.
(4) Dans le cas des craies, le frottement latéral peut être très faible pour certains types de pieux (étude
spécifique).
(5) Sans tubage ni virole foncés perdus (parois rugueuses).
(6) Injection sélective et répétitive à faible débit.
7) Charges limites du pieu
L’expression des charges limites en compression Qu et en traction Qtu d’un
élément de fondation est la suivante:
Qu = Qpu + Qsu
Qtu = Qsu
8) Charges de fluage d’un pieu
Charges de fluage en compression Qc et en traction Qtc :
- fondation mise en oeuvre sans refoulement du sol (pieu foré)
Qc = 0,5.Qpu + 0,7.Qsu
Qtc = 0,7.Qsu
- fondation mise en oeuvre avec refoulement du sol (pieu battu)
Qc = 0,7.Qpu + 0,7.Qsu = 0,7.Qu
Qtc = 0,7.Qsu
9) Etats de mobilisation du sol
Qtu
14
.
Qu
14
.
Qtu
13
.
Qu
12
.
Combinaisons
fondamentales
Combinaisons
accidentelles
Traction compression
ELU
Combinaisons
rares
Combinaisons
quasi-
permanentes
Traction compression
ELS
Qtc
14
.
Qc
11
.
Qc
14
.
0
10) Les chargements complexes
10-1) Effort horizontal et moment en tête
Modèle
élastoplastique
10-2) Chargement latéral
Sol
compressible
10-3) Frottement négatif
tassement
Sol
compressible
10-4) Effet de groupe
Couche
compressible
nQ
Q
Zone d’influence

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C4FondProfF62.ppt

  • 1. III L’essai pressiométrique et le calcul des Fondations Profondes
  • 2. 1) Définition du pieu et terminologie Il s’agit d’une fondation élancée. tête pointe fût h D B De h: profondeur d’ancrage D: ancrage géométrique De: ancrage mécanique De/B > 5
  • 3. 2) Comportement mécanique et sollicitations Chargement centré comprimé Chargement horizontal
  • 4. 3) Charge limite d’un pieu Contrainte limite qp frottement latéral unitaire qsi Charge limite de frottement latéral Qs Qs = p.Sqsi.hsi Charge limite de pointe Qp Qp = qp.A(section du pieu) Qu = Qsu + Qpu P:
  • 5. 4) Profondeur critique Dc Plastification en pointe Dc Dc Pour la profondeur Dc, l’effort de pointe Qu reste constant.
  • 6. Valeurs admises pour la profondeur Dc. • Pieu dans un sol homogène • Pieu ancré en pied Dc = 6B Dc = 3B dans la formation résistante
  • 7. 5) Détermination de qu avec le pressiomètre qu = kp.ple* kp : coefficient de portance ple* : pression limite nette équivalente
  • 8. kp : coefficient de portance pieu foré pieu battu
  • 10. ple* : pression limite nette équivalente D z ple* 3a pl*     a D b D dz z pl a b 3 ). ( * 3 1 ple* = b h b = min{a,h} a = 0,5m si B<1m a = 0,5.B si B>1m
  • 11. 6) Détermination de qs avec le pressiomètre 4 qs(MPa) pl*(MPa) 3 2 1 5 0,1 0,2 0,3 Q2 Q1 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
  • 12. (1) Réalésage et rainurage en fin de forage. (2) Pieux de grande longueur (supérieure à 30 m). (3) Forage à sec, tube non louvoyé. (4) Dans le cas des craies, le frottement latéral peut être très faible pour certains types de pieux (étude spécifique). (5) Sans tubage ni virole foncés perdus (parois rugueuses). (6) Injection sélective et répétitive à faible débit.
  • 13. 7) Charges limites du pieu L’expression des charges limites en compression Qu et en traction Qtu d’un élément de fondation est la suivante: Qu = Qpu + Qsu Qtu = Qsu
  • 14. 8) Charges de fluage d’un pieu Charges de fluage en compression Qc et en traction Qtc : - fondation mise en oeuvre sans refoulement du sol (pieu foré) Qc = 0,5.Qpu + 0,7.Qsu Qtc = 0,7.Qsu - fondation mise en oeuvre avec refoulement du sol (pieu battu) Qc = 0,7.Qpu + 0,7.Qsu = 0,7.Qu Qtc = 0,7.Qsu
  • 15. 9) Etats de mobilisation du sol Qtu 14 . Qu 14 . Qtu 13 . Qu 12 . Combinaisons fondamentales Combinaisons accidentelles Traction compression ELU
  • 17. 10) Les chargements complexes 10-1) Effort horizontal et moment en tête Modèle élastoplastique
  • 20. 10-4) Effet de groupe Couche compressible nQ Q Zone d’influence