1. Banu .S and Nayana .P and Jitendra Kumar
Jr . M.F.Sc
College of Fisheries
Mangalore
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2. Overviews
Ecological concepts
 Mortality
 Risk selected species
Habitat concepts
 Ecological niche
 Carrying capacity
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3. Mortality
 Mortality is the condition of being mortal , or
susceptible to death .
 Rate at which individuals are lost by death ( death
rate)
 Mortality is a measure of the no. of deaths ( in general
, or due to a specific cause ) in a populations .
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4. R- selected species
 These organisms live in setting, where population level
below the maximum no. that environment can support
the carrying capacity.
 Their nos are going exponentially high at the
maximum rate
 Organism tend to be small, short lived and
opportunistic .
 They grow through irregular boom and bust in a
population cycle
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5.  R- selected species like insect, bacteria and largest
species such as frog, rats
 They are capable of rapid growth.
 They need favorable condition for their growth.
 These r- selected species mature later in life and have
fewer offspring with longer gestation times.
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6. Habitat in an ecosystem
 Ecologist use the term habitat to mean the role that
the organism live and term ecological niche to mean
that the role of organism plays in the ecosystem
 Habitat is the “address” and Niche is the “profession”
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7. Ecological niche
 Different species interact in different ways.
 Interaction can have positive, negative and neutral
impact on the species involved.
 Each species in an ecosystem occupies a niche
 Niche can be defined as interaction of all the ranges of
tolerance, under which an organisms can live.
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8.  Niche can be easier to quantify and analyze.
 It can be described as specific ranges of variables like
temperature, latitude and altitude.
 For example: African fisheagle occupies very similar
ecological niche to the American bald eagle.
 The full range of habitat types in which the species can
exist and reproduce without any competition from
other species is called fundamental niche.
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9. Carrying capacity
 Carrying capacity of environment varies from region to
region depending on population pressure.
 Their dependences on food, water, energy, raw
material requirement, waste production.
 Carrying capacity of environment is the threshold
limit of use of that ecosystem without damaging the
systems.
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10.  Every ecosystems has its resources that are used for
economic development for survival and for the habitat
creation.
 Regenerating them over the period of time that are
temporary and not exceeding threshold damage limit.
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11. jitenderanduat@gmail.com