INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTAL LAWS RELATED TO ELECTROSTATICS

1. SHANTILAL SHAHSHANTILAL SHAH
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
BHAVNAGARBHAVNAGAR
B.E. Sem 1B.E. Sem 1
INSTRUMENTATION ANDINSTRUMENTATION AND
CONTROL ENGINEERINGCONTROL ENGINEERING
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

2. INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTARYINTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTARY
CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTAL
LAWS RELATED TO ELECTROSTATICSLAWS RELATED TO ELECTROSTATICS
Made by :Made by :
3007. JITIN. J. PILLAI (140430117019)3007. JITIN. J. PILLAI (140430117019)
3006. PRATIK SHAH (140430117049)3006. PRATIK SHAH (140430117049)
3009. TRAPASIYA HIREN A. (140430117055)3009. TRAPASIYA HIREN A. (140430117055)
GROUP 2GROUP 2
BATCH B1BATCH B1
B.E. SEMESTER 1 (I.C.)B.E. SEMESTER 1 (I.C.)

3. ELECTRIC CHARGEELECTRIC CHARGE
Electric charge is the property of an object to attract or repel other objects. It can also be
defined as the deficiency or excess of electrons in a body.
PROPERTIES OF CHARGESPROPERTIES OF CHARGES
1.1.There exists only two types of charges, namely positive and negative.There exists only two types of charges, namely positive and negative.
2.2.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.
3.3.Charge is a scalar quantity.Charge is a scalar quantity.
4.4.Charge is additive in nature. eg. +2 C + 5 C – 3 C = +4 CCharge is additive in nature. eg. +2 C + 5 C – 3 C = +4 C
5.5.Charge is quantized.Charge is quantized.
i.e. Electric charge exists in discrete packets rather than in continuous amount. It can be
expressed in integral multiples fundamental electronic charge. (e = 1.6 x 10-19 C)
q = ± ne where n = 1, 2, 3, …………
6. Charge is conserved.6. Charge is conserved.
i.e. The algebraic sum of positive and negative charges in an isolated
system remains constant.
eg. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, negative charge appears on the silk
and an equal amount of positive charge appear on the glass rod. The net
charge on the glass-silk system remains zero before and after rubbing.
It does not change with velocity also.

4. LAWS OF ELECTROSTATICS (COULOMB’S LAW)LAWS OF ELECTROSTATICS (COULOMB’S LAW)
The electrostatic force of interaction (attraction or repulsion) between two point electric charges is
directly proportional to the product of the charges, inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them and acts along the line joining the two charges.
Strictly speaking, Coulomb’s law applies to stationary point charges.

6. ELECTRIC FIELDELECTRIC FIELD
Electric field is a region of space around a charge or a system of charges within which
other charged particles experience electrostatic forces.
Theoretically, electric field extends upto infinity but practically it is limited to a
certain distance.
ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITYELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY
Electric field strength at a point in an electric field is the electrostatic force per unit
positive charge acting on a vanishingly small positive test charge placed at that point.
The test charge is considered to be vanishingly small because its presence
should not alter the configuration of the charge(s) and thus the electric field
which is intended to be measured.

7. ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCEELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE
An electric line of force is an imaginary straight or curved path along which a
unit positive charge is supposed to move when free to do so in an electric
field.
Electric lines of force do not physically exist but they represent real situations.

8. ELECTRIC FLUXELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is defined as the total number of electric field lines passing through unit area
of a surface held perpendicular to the field lines.
ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITYELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY
The electric flux density at any point in a medium is defined as the electric flux passing
through unit area at right angle to the direction of electric field.

9. GAUSS’S LAWGAUSS’S LAW
The surface integral of the electric field intensity over any closed hypothetical surface
(called Gaussian surface) in free space is equal to 1 / ε0 times the net charge enclosed
within the surface.
APPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’S THEOREMAPPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’S THEOREM
To find
1.Electric Field Intensity due to an Infinitely Long Straight Charged Wire.
2.Electric Field Intensity due to an Infinitely Long, Thin Plane Sheet of Charge.
3.Electric Field Intensity due to Two Parallel, Infinitely Long, Thin Plane Sheet of
Charge.
4.Electric Field Intensity due to a Uniformed Charged This Spherical Shell.

10. DEDUCTION OF COULOMB’S LAW FROM GAUSS’S LAWDEDUCTION OF COULOMB’S LAW FROM GAUSS’S LAW

11. ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCEELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE
The measure of the ability of a conductor to store charges is known as Capacitance.
Capacitance of a conductor is defined as the charge required to raise its potential
through one unit.
SI Unit of capacitance is ‘farad’ (F). Symbol of capacitance:
Capacitance is said to be 1 farad when 1 coulomb of charge raises the potential of
conductor by 1 volt.

12. PRINCIPLE OF CAPACITANCEPRINCIPLE OF CAPACITANCE

13. CAPACITORS IN SERIESCAPACITORS IN SERIES

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