Chapter 3 minerals

Essentials of Geology 3 rd Edition Chapter 3 Norton Media Library

Patterns in Nature: Minerals Prepared by: Ronald Parker , Senior Geologist Fronterra Geosciences Houston, Oklahoma City, Denver, Anchorage, Dallas, Midland, Aberdeen, Vienna, Buenos Aires, Neuquén www.fronterrageo.com

Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3.2b Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2a

Mineral Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystalline Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystal Lattice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atomic Bonding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Polymorphs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Graphite Diamond

Crystal Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystal Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mineral Physical Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pyrite

Mineral Physical Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Needle-like crystal habit

Mineral Physical Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Calcite effervesces with acid Magnetite crystals on a large magnet.

Color ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quartz – Many colors Malachite – Always green

Streak ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hematite – Red-brown streak

Luster ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Satin spar Gypsum – Satiny luster Quartz – Vitreous luster

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hardness Glass - Steel 5.5 Fingernail 2.5 Copper Penny 3.5 Steel File 6.5

Specific Gravity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pyrite Potassium Feldspar

Crystal Habit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cubes Hexagonal Prisms Blades Rhombohedra Dodecahedra Octahedra Tetragonal Prisms Compound Forms

Crystal Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amethyst Geode

Cleavage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cleavage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Muscovite Mica Potassium Feldspar Amphibole

Cleavage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Halite Calcite

Fracture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Obsidian

Mineral Compositions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],74.3% of crustal minerals !!!

Mineral Classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fluorite (Halide) Native Copper Malachite (Carbonate)

Silicate Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Silicate Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Silicate Minerals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Type of Silicate Structure Formula Si:O Ratio Independent Tetrahedra SiO 4 0.25 Double Tetrahedra Si 2 O 7 0.29 Ring Silicates Si 6 O 18 0.33 Single Chains SiO 3 0.33 Double Chains Si 4 O 11 0.36 Sheet Silicates Si 2 O 5 0.40 Framework Silicates SiO 2 0.50

Independent Tetrahedra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kyanite Garnet

Single-Chain Silicates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pyroxene

Double-Chain Silicates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hornblende

Sheet Silicates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Muscovite Mica

Framework Silicates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Potassium Feldspar

Gems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Watermelon Tourmaline Aquamarine Beryl

Gems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diamonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

W. W. Norton & Company Independent and Employee-Owned ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 3 minerals

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Chapter 3 minerals