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SNAGA IZMJENIČNE STRUJE
• i (t)= I * sin(ωt −ϕ) u(t) = Um * sinωt
p(t) =u(t) * i(t)=Um * sinωt * I * sin(ωt − ϕ)
p(t) = 2 * U * I * sinωt * sin(ωt − ϕ)
p(t)=U * I * [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt − ϕ)]
SNAGA IZMJENIČNE STRUJE
• Proizlazi da je i snaga periodička i harmonička
funkcija, ali dvostruke frekvencije (2 ω) u
odnosu na frekvenciju napona i struje (ω).
FAKTOR SNAGE
• Fazni pomak između struje i napona naziva se
faktor snage i proporcionalan je sa kosinusom
faznog pomaka.
• P = U * I * cos ϕ
• U izmjeničnim strujnim krugovima čija se
impedancija sastoji od djelatnih i reaktivnih
otpora, postoje tri snage:
1. Radna (djelatna) snaga P (snaga o kojoj ovisi rad
trošila)
2. Jalova snaga Q (ne sudjeluje u korisnom radu
trošila, a potreba je elektroenergetskoj mreži za
postizanje promjenjivoga magnetskog polja)
3. Prividna snaga S (umnožak efektivnih
vrijednosti električnog napona i električne
struje)
TROKUT SNAGE
• Umnožak efektivnih vrijednosti
napona i struje sa cos ϕ (faktorom
snage) u nekom vremenu
predstavlja korisni rad kojeg može
obaviti energija izmjenicne struje.
• Izraz koji predstavlja radnu
(djelatnu ili aktivnu) snagu:
P = U * I * cosϕ [W]
Jasno je da je cilj postici veći faktor
snage, jer je tada i djelatna snaga
veća. Maksimalni faktor snage je 1
i tada je ϕ = 0.
• Umnožak efektivnih vrijednosti napona i struje
predstavlja prividnu snagu:
S = U * I [VA]
• Jalova ili reaktivna snaga određena je
izrazom:
Q = U * I * sinϕ [var]
KOMPENZACIJA FAKTORA SNAGE
• Radna snaga je korisna snaga koja ostaje u krugu - na trošilu.
• Kako ovisi o faktoru snage cosϕ nastoji se povećati faktor snage.
• To se naziva kompenzacijom faktora snage
3 slučaja:
• Djelomična kompenzacija
(potkompenziran slučaj)
• Potpuna kompenzacija
• Nadkompenziran slučaj
Snaga izmjenicne struje

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Snaga izmjenicne struje

  • 1. SNAGA IZMJENIČNE STRUJE • i (t)= I * sin(ωt −ϕ) u(t) = Um * sinωt p(t) =u(t) * i(t)=Um * sinωt * I * sin(ωt − ϕ) p(t) = 2 * U * I * sinωt * sin(ωt − ϕ) p(t)=U * I * [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt − ϕ)]
  • 2. SNAGA IZMJENIČNE STRUJE • Proizlazi da je i snaga periodička i harmonička funkcija, ali dvostruke frekvencije (2 ω) u odnosu na frekvenciju napona i struje (ω).
  • 3.
  • 4. FAKTOR SNAGE • Fazni pomak između struje i napona naziva se faktor snage i proporcionalan je sa kosinusom faznog pomaka. • P = U * I * cos ϕ
  • 5. • U izmjeničnim strujnim krugovima čija se impedancija sastoji od djelatnih i reaktivnih otpora, postoje tri snage: 1. Radna (djelatna) snaga P (snaga o kojoj ovisi rad trošila) 2. Jalova snaga Q (ne sudjeluje u korisnom radu trošila, a potreba je elektroenergetskoj mreži za postizanje promjenjivoga magnetskog polja) 3. Prividna snaga S (umnožak efektivnih vrijednosti električnog napona i električne struje)
  • 6. TROKUT SNAGE • Umnožak efektivnih vrijednosti napona i struje sa cos ϕ (faktorom snage) u nekom vremenu predstavlja korisni rad kojeg može obaviti energija izmjenicne struje. • Izraz koji predstavlja radnu (djelatnu ili aktivnu) snagu: P = U * I * cosϕ [W] Jasno je da je cilj postici veći faktor snage, jer je tada i djelatna snaga veća. Maksimalni faktor snage je 1 i tada je ϕ = 0.
  • 7. • Umnožak efektivnih vrijednosti napona i struje predstavlja prividnu snagu: S = U * I [VA] • Jalova ili reaktivna snaga određena je izrazom: Q = U * I * sinϕ [var]
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. KOMPENZACIJA FAKTORA SNAGE • Radna snaga je korisna snaga koja ostaje u krugu - na trošilu. • Kako ovisi o faktoru snage cosϕ nastoji se povećati faktor snage. • To se naziva kompenzacijom faktora snage 3 slučaja: • Djelomična kompenzacija (potkompenziran slučaj) • Potpuna kompenzacija • Nadkompenziran slučaj