The document provides information and instructions for an English module on essays. It outlines the expected output of meaningful journal entries. It includes several diagnostic activities to assess students' existing knowledge of essay elements, structures, and the essential question of how journal entries can be meaningful. The final output is to be meaningful journal entries that will be graded based on focus, content, mechanics, and language.

1. English I
Quarter 4 ESSAY
Module 1 BASIC FEATURES AND ELEMENTS OF AN ESSAY
EXPLORE Your Understanding
In this part of the module, you are to demonstrate understanding of the basic
features, parts, structures, pattern of development that make the tone and style of
reflective and personal essays of the Philippines effective.
You will also answer a diagnostic test to find out if you are familiar with any
concepts related to Philippine Essays and to check your readiness and competence on
the prerequisite skills to the tasks at hand.
At the end of this module, you are expected to produce meaningful journal entries
which will be graded based on the criteria presented at the latter part of the module.
As you do the following tasks, you will be guided by the essential question “How
can journal entries be meaningful?”
Welcome to module 1!
Before we start any discussion, we have to determine if you have background
knowledge about the topic. Should we start exploring them?
Let’s do a diagnostic test then!
Activity 1: What Lies Beneath the Ink?
Below are questions you have to answer. Each question represent a concept or
an idea which is about to be discussed in this module. Don’t leave any unanswered
item!
1

2. From “ The King of the Road” , Anonymous
Take an ordinary school day. You stand by the roadside, on the alert for the
first jeepney that will take you to school. Any slight move on your part is like an
invitation to a driver. He stops his jeepney, and calls out, “Quiapo!” That should take
you right to your school’s steps, so you hurriedly board the jeepney. It then swings
back into the traffic, swerving from lane to lane. It tries to beat the red light corner, you
are thrown hard against your seatmate. You get elbowed as a result.
1. What is referred to in the title?
A.
jeepney
B. taxi
C. tricycle
D.
train
2. What makes it the “king of the road”?
A.
It has a castle where it parks every day.
B.
It is visible everyday at the road.
C.
It has a driver in it.
D.
It is a special vehicle.
3. Where is the jeepney going?
A. Intramuros
B. Quiapo
C. Baclaran
D. Makati
4. What modal is used in the text?
A. Is
B. that
C. will
D. calls
C. imagination
D. personal
5. What is the source of the essay?
A. news report
B. hearsay
experience
6. What style was used by the author in the text?
A. reflection
B. quotation
C. narration
7. What is the purpose of the author in writing the essay?
A. to inform
B. to entertain
C. to convince
opinion
D. anecdote
D. to share an
8. How do you call the first paragraph of an essay which draws interest or hook the
students’ attention to continue reading.
A. introduction
B. body
C. conclusion
D. editorial
9. Which part of the essay contains the “meat” which elaborates all important details
that support the main idea.
A. introduction
B. body
C. conclusion
D. editorial
2

3. 10. Which part of the essay sums up the whole idea of the written text and provides a
perfect end for the reader to validate an understanding, confirm a stand,
influence to act or ponder more about the topic.
A.
introduction
B. body
C. conclusion
D. editorial
Activity 2: ETHOS – LOGOS- PATHOS
Reflect on the meaning of ETHOS, LOGOS, PATHOS. Write random thoughts
about each word. Do webbing or mapping to extract concepts about the word.
·
Logos
Ethos
Pathos
Activity 3: Leave a Mark!
Incorporate concepts of an essay. Use the traffic light technique like the one
below:
Think of what an essay is, how it looks, what it contains. (Red)
Explain how an essay differs from a narrative or a drama. (Yellow)
Write all the things you know about the essay. (Green)
3

4. Activity 4: Punctuation Auction
Punctuation marks are in auction. As a form of bid, list as many ideas as
possible.
Aspects of Philippine
Essays you have questions
about
Aspects of Philippine
Essays you have little
knowledge on
Processing points
How will you rate yourself in essay writing? Justify your answer.
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4

5. Activity 5: Write Right!
Study the photos below. Write sub-topics which represent dominant themes in
Philippine essays.
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6. ___________________________________________________
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Processing points:
What have you noticed in the photos?
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What conclusion can you draw out of it?
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6

7. Activity 6: Pen and Paper
Below are questions written on pens. Arrange the questions according to
relevance.
Who writes essays?
What are the themes
of most essays?
How is essay different
from narrative?
How can journal entries
be meaningful?
What are the basic
parts of an essay?
7

8. Processing points:
What are your bases in arranging the questions from the most important to the
least important?
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Activity 7: Check My Question!
You have selected the most important
question in Activity 6. Now it is time to make an
evaluation of your chosen question using the
checklist below:
Write your question here:
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______
Characteristics of essential question
Expressed
Not
Expressed
Sta
rt
eva
luat
ing
you
r
cho
sen
que
stio
n
here:
8

9. 1. It has no simple ‘right” answer.
2. It could be argued.
3. It provokes critical thinking.
4. It raises other important questions.
5. It is related to life.
Pro
ces
sin
g points:
Are all the characteristics expressed in your chosen question? If so, then your
question is an essential question!
If not, try selecting another question and repeat the process enumerated in this
activity.
The correct answer is “How can journal entries be meaningful?” Do we have the
same answer?
Very good!
Let’s explore further and answer this question in the activity that follows:
Activity 6: My Tentative Responses
Now it’s time to examine what comes in your mind if the question is posted for
you to answer. Answer the question below using the diagram.
Tentative answer 1:
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Tentative answer 2:
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Tentative answer 3:
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9

10. Processing Points:
All your answers are accepted as of this moment. We need to study the
succeeding topics carefully to find out whether your tentative answers are valid or not.
Activity 7: Full Clue!
What are your expectations in this topic? Are you curious to know what output is
expected of you to accomplish at the end of this topic?
Based on the clues presented, draw a circle on the output you are to accomplish
in this module.
.
•
a colorful poster
Written output
•
meaningful journal entries
Daily account of
experiences
•
a meaningful reaction paper
•
a music video
reflection
•
a straight news recounts for a possible
Clues:
reenactment using drama conventions.
Processing points:
Good! The product you are expected to carry out are meaningful journal entries.
You will be graded based on the following criteria:
Focus/Content
·Unity
·Coherence
·Clarity
·Mechanics
·Language
10

11. Are you enjoying the activities so far? Are you excited to learn more?
I am so glad to hear that!
But before we go further, let me remind you to bear in mind the ESSENTIAL
QUESTION:
How can journal entries be meaningful?
Bear in mind that this question will be your guide in FIRMING UP your
understanding of the Philippine essays.
Think of all your tentative answers to this question and have them validated as
you go on with the next phase.
Good luck!
FIRM UP Your Understanding
This part of the module will enable you to illustrate or crystallize your knowledge
of the basic features, parts, structures, pattern of development that make the tone and
style of Philippine essays effective.
This also highlights grammar lessons on modals and their functions.
You will have all these things contained in the varied activities you are to
accomplish. You will be engaged in meaningful and challenging activities that will enrich
what you have learned.
Let’s start the discussion!
11

12. Lesson 1: Parts of the Essay
Introduction is the part of the essay that presents your first ideas. Introductions
are usually the first paragraph of the essay, in some cases, the first two or three
paragraphs make up your introduction.
The body of the essay develops the ideas that you have presented in the
introduction. Some people refer to this as “meat” of the essay and the process is known
as "fleshing out" your ideas. It can be helpful to make a list of the ideas you want to
present, along with any research to support those ideas.
The conclusion is sometime called the “finishing touches” of the essay. The
conclusion is where you bring together all of the elements you previously mentioned in
the introduction and body of the essay.
Activity 8: Enrich your Vocabulary
Give the synonyms of the following words.
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13. These words are your keys in
understanding the text you are about to
read.
Are you a Filipino? What makes up a
Filipino? These are just two of the thousand
of questions we can ask ourselves after
reading the text below.
I Am A Filipino
by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future. As
such, I must prove equal to a two-fold task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the
past, and the task of performing my obligation to the future.
I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations removed of ancient
Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, the memory comes rushing back to me: of
brown-skinned men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were
stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling
wind, carried upon the mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the new
land that was to be their home and their children’s
forever.
This is the land they sought and found. Every
inch of shore that their eyes first set upon, every hill
and mountain that beckoned to them with a green and
purple invitation, every mile of rolling plain that their
view encompassed, every river and lake that promised
a plentiful living and the fruitfulness of commerce, is a
hollowed spot to me.
By the strength of their hearts and hands, by
every right of law, human and divine, this land and all
the appurtenances thereof – the black and fertile soil,
the seas and lakes and rivers teeming with fish, the
forests with their inexhaustible wealth in wild and
timber, the mountains with their bowels swollen with
minerals – the whole of this rich and happy land has
13

14. been for centuries without number, the land of my fathers. This land I received in trust
from them, and in trust will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no more.
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes – seed that
flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses
the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that drove Diego
Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.
That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered in the heart of Jose
Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan when a volley of shots put an end to all that was
mortal of him and made his spirit deathless forever; the same that flowered in the hearts
of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of Gregorio del Pilar at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at
Calumpit, that bloomed in flowers of frustration in the sad heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at
Palanan, and yet burst forth royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when
he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacañang Palace, in the symbolic act of
possession and racial vindication.
The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my manhood,
the symbol of my dignity as a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear
fruit again. It is the insigne of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.
I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The East, with its
languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was
the West that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the
Machine. I am of the East, an eager participant in its struggles for liberation from the
imperialist yoke. But I know also that the East must awake from its centuried sleep,
shake off the lethargy that has bound its limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the West have destroyed
forever the peace and quiet that once were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart
from those whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon shot. For no
man and no nation is an island, but a part of the main, and there is no longer any East
and West – only individuals and nations making those momentous choices that are the
hinges upon which history revolves.
At the vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a forlorn figure in
the eyes of some, but not one defeated and lost. For through the thick, interlacing
branches of habit and custom above me I have seen the light of the sun, and I know
that it is good. I have seen the light of justice and equality and freedom, my heart has
been lifted by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my people
shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or
destroy.
14

15. I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give that I may
prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
corridors of the centuries, and its hall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan
forebears when they first saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the
battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of
the voices of my people when they sing:
Land of the morning.
Child of the sun returning . . .
Ne’er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shore.
Out of the lush green of these seven thousand isles, out of the heart-strings of
sixteen million people all vibrating to one song, I shall weave the mighty fabric of my
pledge. Out of the songs of the farmers at sunrise when they go to labor in the fields;
out the sweat of the hard-bitten pioneers in Mal-ig and Koronadal; out of the silent
endurance of stevedores at the piers and the ominous grumbling of peasants in
Pampanga; out of the first cries of babies newly born and the lullabies that mothers
sing; out of crashing of gears and the whine of turbines in the factories; out of the
crunch of ploughs upturning the earth; out of the limitless patience of teachers in the
classrooms and doctors in the clinics; out of the tramp of soldiers marching, I shall make
the pattern of my pledge:
I am a Filipino born of freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been
added unto my inheritance – for myself and my children’s children – forever.
Did you enjoy reading the essay? I’m sure you did!
Activity 9: Understanding the Text
1. Who is the author of the essay?
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2. What are the characteristics of the Filipino as mentioned by the
author?
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15

16. 3. How can you prove the claim of the author that the Philippines has rich
land?
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4. What is the two fold task of a Filipino? Expound your answer.
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Activity 10: Interpreting the Text
1. What does the “seed” symbolize?
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2. Why is the Filipino a child of the marriage of the East and the West?
Explain.
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3. Differentiate the culture of the East from the West.
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Activity 11: Challenging the Text
1. What could be the other title for the essay?
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2. What other details about the Filipino can you add?
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3. What other conclusion can you provide?
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17. ______________________________________________________________________
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Activity 12: Crossing Author’s Mind
1. What does the essay reveal about the author?
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2. What is his purpose in writing the essay?
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Activity 13: Thought Outline
The essay is about ______________________________________________________
The essay is introduced by the following interesting statement:
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The essay is introduced with the following idea:
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Main point of paragraph 1:
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Main point of paragraph 2:
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Main point of paragraph 3:
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18. ______________________________________________________________________
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Main point of paragraph 4:
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Activity 14: Who is the Real Filipino?
Below are pictures of known personalities. Who is the most Filipino-looking icon?
Identify each one of them and describe their physical features on the space provided
opposite each photo.
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19. __________________________________________________________
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Processing points
19

20. Who among the personalities above is the most Filipino-looking?
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What is your basis for choosing?
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Activity 15: Form and Style
Style is a unique way of expressing ideas or a special approach employed by a
writer. Word choices and sentence structure are important elements of style. Revisit the
essay “I am a Filipino” by Carlos P. Romulo and complete the table below.
Imagery
Sense
Symbolism
Meaning
Critic the essay and accomplish the table provided below:
Purpose
What is the purpose of the writer
in writing the essay?
Audience
Who are the target audience of
the essay?
Pattern of Development
How did the author develop the
essay? Was there any particular
pattern of development evident?
Dissect the essay into its basic parts and accomplish the sheet below:
20

21. Title:__________________________________________________________________
Why is it entitled “I am a Filipino?”
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Writer: ________________________________________________________________
What do you know about the writer?
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Introduction:
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What are the strengths of the introduction used by the writer?
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Body: (Point out the best details included in the essay that support the introduction)
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21

22. ______________________________________________________________________
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Conclusion:
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What can you say about the conclusion?
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In what way does it support the introduction?
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Processing points:
22

23. How does style affect reader’s interest in reading the whole text?
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How does style provide identity to an essayist?
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Activity 16 : “Pinoy Ako”
How can you show the world the Filipino in you?
In words
In thoughts
In actions
Processing points:
How does it feel to be a Filipino?
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23

24. Are you as proud as Carlos P. Romulo?
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Lesson 2: Functions of Modals
Modals or modal auxiliaries are helping verbs. Some quick rules about modals
follow.
•
•
•
Modals are always accompanied by other verbs.
Modals are never conjugated.
Modals are followed by the simple form of the verb.
Uses of Modals
Modals are used to convey many different kinds of meaning. Most modals have
more than one meaning.
Modals are used to show the following meanings.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ability
possibility
probability
permission
advisability
necessity
requesting assistance
making conclusions
giving instructions
making suggestions
showing preference
making offers
making promises or predictions
24

25. Image source: http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/modals/modals.htm
Activity 17: Modal Model
Highlight each modal used and explain its function in the text.
Like the seeds that were once buried in the
tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of
years ago, it shall grow and flower and
bear fruit again.
25

26. __________________________________________________________________________________
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But I know also that the East must awake
from its centuried sleep, shake off the
lethargy that has bound its limbs. . .
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. . . I shall not rest until my land and my
people shall have been blest by these. . .
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This land I received in trust from them, and
in trust will pass it into my children. . .
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Activity 18: Plan of Action
Make a midterm plan of action about the activities enumerated below. Using the
appropriate modal as your guide, complete the open-ended questions below.
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27. A. ON HOUSEKEEPING
I shall
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I will
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I must
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B. ON STUDYING
I shall
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I will
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I must
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C. ON WORKING (If applicable)
I shall
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I will
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I must
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D. ON DEALING WITH OTHER PEOPLE
I shall
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I will
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I must
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27

28. Processing points:
What UNDERSTANDING can you draw out of the activities you have
accomplished, the learning you have gained and the realities about life
represented by the essay you have read?
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That’s fantastic!
How about making your UNDERSTANDING more ESSENTIAL? Rearrange the
words in the box to reveal the hidden understanding.
about personal views, thoughts, feelings, attitudes,
judgments and observations can lead to meaningful journal entries.
Free and effective communication of reflections and insights
Write your Essential Understanding here:
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That’s impressive!
You have completed the FIRM UP phase! I’m sure the next phase will be a lot more fun
and exciting!
28

29. DEEPEN Your Understanding
Welcome to the Deepen Phase!
In this phase, you are provided with thought-provoking questions that will make
you reflect, revisit, rethink, and revise your earlier assumptions about Philippine
personal and reflective essays.
You are also expected to deal with authentic situations to highlight the grammar
structure of the dramatic texts discussed herein. The differentiated instruction will
address your uniqueness, strengths and weaknesses and will reinforce what you have
learned.
At the end of the phase, you will be engaged in meaningful self –evaluation of
learning through a short summative test.
Are you ready to deepen your understanding further? What are you waiting for?
Start at once!
Always bear the ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING in mind as you answer the
succeeding activities.
Good luck!
Activity 19: Jingle All the Way
Extract lines from the essay, “I am a Filipino” by Carlos P. Romulo”, rearrange or
modify the lines and compose a jingle out of it.
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29

30. Activity 20: Draw Pinoy
Select lines from the essay of Carlos P. Romulo, “I am a Filipino”. Sketch or draw
a “Filipino” based on how he is described by Romulo in his essay.
Caption:
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Activity 21: Strips of Comics
Make a comic strip showing that you are talking to a foreigner about how proud
you are to be a Filipino.
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31. Processing points:
How did you feel while drawing the strip?
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With reference to the comic strip you have drawn, is this possible to happen in
real life? Do you see yourself in the same situation?
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Activity 22: Dear Essayist
Write a letter to Carlos P. Romulo expressing how you feel about his essay.
Detail the lines that struck you the most and how his essay changed your perspective.
Date: _____________
Dear Mr. Romulo,
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Yours,
________________
31

32. Processing points:
How do you think Mr. Romulo would react on your letter?
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In what other ways can you show your appreciation to Mr. Romulo for writing his
essay?
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Activity 23: Quota on Quote
“I am a Filipino, inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to uncertain future”.
Explain this quotation in your own words.
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Processing points:
What similarities between your life and the Filipino as described by Romulo have
you discovered? How did you feel about it?
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What realities about life have you realized from the activities in this phase?
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32

33. Do you see any connection between your life and how themes and ideas
expressed in most of Philippine essays?
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Remember your Essential Understanding:
YÜxx tÇw xyyxvà|äx vÉÅÅâÇ|vtà|ÉÇ Éy ÜxyÄxvà|ÉÇá tÇw |Çá|z{àá tuÉâà ÑxÜáÉÇtÄ
ä|xãá? à{Éâz{àá? yxxÄ|Çzá? tàà|àâwxá? }âwzÅxÇàá tÇw ÉuáxÜätà|ÉÇá vtÇ Äxtw àÉ
ÅxtÇ|ÇzyâÄ }ÉâÜÇtÄ xÇàÜ|xáA
Congratulations for completing the DEEPEN phase! But to ensure your
understanding, try answering the test below:
SUMMATIVE TEST
From Feeling the Rain by Visitacion de la Torre
In case one is a homebody, he can listen to the rain fall.
In neighborhoods where rooftops and windows cannot as much have a
breathing space, the children rush out to play in the rain.
It is equally true that rain will replenish whatever reservoir of water is needed by
man and his world.
For 1-6 Recognize the modals used in the text and indicate their functions:
(1)Modal ________ (2) function ____________________
(3)Modal ________ (4) function ____________________
(5)Modal ________ (6) function ____________________
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34. From The October 24 Movement by Jose L. Lacaba
The nation, they pointed out, would be embarrassed no end if some boors
decided to follow the example of those Australians who had hurled paint bombs at
Lyndon Baines Johnson’s famed bubbletop and thereby marred that country’s warm
deception.
A rally supporting the seven-nation meeting was another thing and presumably
a permit was issued to a group of about 200 students who marched to Malacanang
three days before the opening of the Summit with a manifesto claiming that “a bigger
group of youth and students”.
7. What is the function of the modal “would” in the first statement?
A. possibility
B. probability
C. ability
D. necessity
8. What is the essay all about?
A. love
B. family
C. activism
D. study
9. How is this essay similar to “I am a Filipino” by Carlos P. Romulo.
A. Both talks about change.
B. Both talks about love of country and citizenship.
C. Both talks about vacation.
D. both talks about Australia.
10. Summit is a form of _________.
A. rally
B. party
C. conference
D. training
11. Which part of the essay presents a general overview of the topic to be discussed?
A. conclusion
B. introduction
C. body
D. title
12. In what pattern or style did the Carlos P. Romulo develop his essay?
A. logical
B. spiral
C. argumentative
D. narrative
13. Which of the following categorizes “I am A Filipino” a reflective essay?
a. It presents ideas.
b. It presents ideas and criticisms.
c. It presents ideas and supporting facts.
d. It presents the writer’s ideas, supporting facts and contemplation.
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35. Processing point:
Congratulations! You have made it to the last phase.
TRANSFER Your Understanding
Welcome to the Transfer Phase!
This part of the module will allow you to make independent applications of the
various processes (autobiographical collections, portfolio production, writing dialog
journals, making a specialized journal which focuses on a specific activity) they have
learned.
This will enable you to do independent performance or project using varied and
complex assessment procedures and most importantly, see the connections between
tasks in this module and the real world.
Are you ready to transfer your understanding?
Activity 24: Write-A-Thon
Produce a series of meaningful journals that focus on a particular activity, such as
participating in basketball game or any athletic endeavor.
The journal entries may also include a learning log, which is a personal learning tool
that freely explore your thoughts and feelings about basketball game or any athletic
endeavor. The journal entries may also include a learning log, which is a personal tool that
examines your thoughts and feelings about the activity.
Example:
Day 1: ___________________
What happened today?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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36. What have you learned from this experience?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 25: Engraved Thoughts
Write your own journals for a week. These journals are a way to freely explore your
thoughts and feelings. Your journals should contain the details that may seem unimportant
at first, but which add to the reader's appreciation and understanding.
Resources:
Books, Internet, Multimedia materials, Computer, DVD, CD, Graphic Organizer,
pictures, drawings, art materials, film clips,e-journals, Philippine Drama books
Acknowledgement:
1. Dr. Nilda Sunga for the indicators used to evaluate an essential question which
appeared in activity 5 of explore phase.
2. Mr. Larry T. Diaz for providing the graphics/visuals in this module.
3. Mr. Lito A. Palomar for researching the text used in this module.
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