This is a paper presentation given at a conference titled, "Pathways to Resilience III" held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 19, 2015. I expect to submit the paper for peer review within the next few months. Please contact me if you'd like to know more about my work.

1. An Integral Model of Human
Resilience inTechnological
Systems
Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA
PhD Student, Research Associate
Dan Eisenberg, Dr.Thomas Seager
Arizona State University
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment

2. 2
• Does resilient technology require resilient people?
• What is social-technical resilience?
• How can we model Integral human resilience in engineered systems?
Research Questions

3. 3
• Does resilient technology require resilient people?
• What is social-technical resilience?
• How can we model Integral human resilience in engineered systems?
• How can we organize the vast array of resilience knowledge?
• How can we index resilience epistemologies and methods?
• How can we link resilience research perspectives?
Research Questions

4. 4
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)

5. 5
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
Hurricane Katrina:
a resilience failure
“as if no one was in control”(Westrum, 2005)
Latent Psychopathologies è breakdowns
governance, law enforcement, medical care,
utilities, & communications

6. 6
New Orleans
Mayor Ray Nagin
Coast Guard
Commandant
Thad Allen
President
George Bush
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
— 1,833 died
— 200 Civil servants AWOL
— 25 Officers leave high stress areas
— 2 Officers commit suicide
— Poor leadership & judgment
— Criminal behavior

7. 7
• Moral reasoning
(Kumpfer, 1995; Stokols, Lejano, & Hipp, 2013)
(Sept. 2014)

8. 8
The number of
events is increasing!
(TISP, 2015)

9. Presidential Policy
Directive (PPD-21)
“U.S. efforts shall address the
security and resilience…”
(The White House, 2013)
9
National Infrastructure
Protection Plan 2013
Directs national policy
among Federal agencies
(U.S. Homeland Security, 2013)

10. Resilience: Plan & prepare, absorb,
recover, & adapt
10
Plan
Prepare
Absorb Recover Adapt
Basic construct interpreted among disciplines
Francis & Bekera, “A
metric and frameworks
for resilience analysis of
engineered and
infrastructure systems,”
Reliability Engineering
and System Safety, 121
(2014)

11. >3,700 Peer Reviewed
Journal Articles with
Resilience in the Title
11
(Baggio, Brown, & Hellebrandt, 2015)
January 2000 è April 2012

12. 12
Spatial & temporal dimensions of
interrelated & interconnected
meta-complex systems…
social, technical, ecological, environmental,
biological, economic, and…

13. 13

14. 14

15. 15
An Integral Approach
Ability to hold multiple simultaneous
perspectives without marginalizing or
diminishing one over another

16. 16
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)

17. 17
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Subjective,“I”
1st person
Inter-subjective,“WE”
2nd person
Objective,“IT”
3rd person (singular)
Inter-objective,“ITS”
3rd person (plural)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Holon: subject,
object, or
unit of inquiry
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)

18. 18
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
An Integral
Perspective of
Resilience
Research
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)

19. 19

20. 20
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Organizing

21. Social-technical Systems
21
Linking
Individuals
& organizations
Social
Technical Infrastructure

22. 22
Black Creek beneath Finch Ave
Toronto,August 2005

23. 23
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Linking
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Social
Infrastructure

24. 24
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Linking
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
Processes / actionsCapacities / properties

25. 25
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Linking
• Emotional Intelligence
• Psychological Dev.
• Cognition
• Conation
• SAAL
• Sensing
• Anticipating
• Adapting
• Learning
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure

26. 26
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Linking
• Culture & values
• Ethics & morals
• Worldviews & ideologies
• Social intelligence
SAAL
Social
Systems
SAAL
Technical
Systems
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure

27. 27
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Linking
• Emotional Intelligence
• Psychological Dev.
• Cognition
• Conation
• Culture & values
• Ethics & morals
• Worldviews & ideologies
• Social intelligence
• SAAL
• Sensing
• Anticipating
• Adapting
• Learning
SAAL
Social
Systems
SAAL
Technical
Systems
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
Capacities / properties Processes / actions

28. Resilience Enabling Processes
28
— Sensing—monitor systems state variables
— Anticipating—imagining possible state outcomes
— Adapting—changing state variables to higher performance
— Learning—create & integrate new knowledge to inform system behaviors
(Park, Seager, Rao, Convertino, & Linkov 2013)
(Hollnagel, Paries,Woods, & Wreathall 2013)
(Linkov, Eisenberg, Bates, Chang, Covertino,Allen, Flynn, Seager 2013)

29. Resilience Enabling Processes
29
— Sensing—monitor systems state variables
— Anticipating—imagining possible state outcomes
— Adapting—changing state variables to higher performance
— Learning—create & integrate new knowledge to inform system behaviors
Sensing Anticipating Adapting Learning
Individual & Group Resilience
Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
(Park, Seager, Rao, Convertino, & Linkov 2013)
(Hollnagel, Paries,Woods, & Wreathall 2013)
(Linkov, Eisenberg, Bates, Chang, Covertino,Allen, Flynn, Seager 2013)

30. Resilience Enabling Capacities
30
Table 1
Human Resilience Capacities (Connor, 2006; Olsson et al., 2003)
Cognitive Social / Emotional Behavioral
Ability to adapt to change Coping1
Action-oriented approach
Ability to view change / stress as a
challenge
Faith
1
Ability to perceive / demonstrate the
strengthening effect of stress
Ability to use past successes to confront
current challenges
Hope Engaging the support of others
Balanced perspective on experience Optimism Rebounding
Enduring set of values Patience Secure attachments to others
Fortitude, conviction, tenacity, & resolve Self-efficacy1
Tolerance of negative effect
Internal locus of control1
Self-esteem
Personal or collective goals1
Sense of humor
Sense of meaningfulness
!

31. 31
Resilience Enabling Capacities
Affect Cognition
Personal & Interpersonal Capacities Behavioral Capacities
Innate Acquired
(Thomas 2014)
Affect, cognition, & behavioral capacities
can provide a developmental perspective
of social-technical resilience.

32. Model Architecture
32
Interior Capacities
Exterior Processes
(Hannah & May 2011)
Outcomes:
Actions, behaviors, & artifacts

33. Human Resilience Model
33
Personal &
Interpersonal Capacities
Personal &
Interpersonal Processes
Behavioral Capacities
Behavioral Processes
Individual & Group Resilience
Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
Resilience Enabling Capacities
Resilience Enabling Processes
(Hannah & May 2011)

34. Human Resilience Model
34
Affect Cognition Innate Acquired
Sensing Anticipating Adapting Learning
Resilience Enabling Capacities
Resilience Enabling Processes
Personal & Interpersonal Behavioral
Individual & Group Resilience
Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
Zone 2 & 4
Zone 6 & 8
(Thomas 2014)

35. Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA
Johnny.Thomas@asu.edu
WeWorldNetworks.com
35
ThankYou!
Resilience, Simulation for Water, Power
& Roadway Networks, NSF Grant No. 1441352
This material is based upon work supported by the National
Science Foundation (NSF) under grant No. 1441352.Any
opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the NSF.
Collaborators: Dan Eisenberg & Dr.Thomas Seager

36. 36
References
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38. Back-up Slides
38

39. 39
Human Development
(Richardson, 2002)
(Brown & Westaway, 2011)
Sociology
(Norris & Stevens, 2007)
(Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Biology & Health
(Garcia-dia et al., 2013)
Neuroscience
(Feder, Nestler, & Charney, 2009)
Human Development
(Masten, 2001)
(Unger et al., 2013)
Management & Organization
(Luthans, 2002)
(Davy, Smith, Lating, 2011)
Human Resilience
Psychiatry
(Connor & Davidson, 2003)
(Herrman & Stewart, 2011)
Psychology
(Bonanno, 2004)
(Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Organizing

40. 40
Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Human Development
(Ungar, Ghazinour, & Richter, 2013)
Ecology & Sustainability
(Walker et al., 2004), (Redman, 2014)
Engineering
(Woods & Branlat, 2010)
Management & Organization
(Luthans, 2002)
Sociology
(Cutter, 2006)
Biology & Health
(Garcia-dia et al., 2013)
Neuroscience
(Feder et al., 2009)
Human Development
(Richardson, 2002)
(Brown & Westaway, 2011)
Sociology
(Norris & Stevens, 2007)
(Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Psychiatry
(Connor & Davidson, 2003)
(Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004)
Psychology
(Bonanno, 2004),
(Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Organizing