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D Var Statcom Introduction
- 1. D-VAR® STATCOM Introduction John Wright-Smith
- 3. What is a STATCOM? STATCOM = STATic* COMpensator A STATCOM is a Power Electronic device comprised of Power Inverters to inject ReactiveCurrent into a power system for the purpose of controlling system Voltage or Power Factor * “Static” is a word that, in the past, power system engineers used to use instead of “electronic”
- 4. STATCOM’s Main Components Power System DC Capacitors Converter Transformer Converters IGBT/GCT IGBT - Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor GCT – Gate Commutated Thyristor
- 6. Capacitors hold DC charge
- 9. Switches 1B and 2A are OFF
- 11. Inject Current 90° Out of Phase With Voltage Only Reactive Power Either Capacitive or Inductive Flows Through Converter
- 13. The DC bus is common to all three phases
- 15. Provides dynamic reactive capability – both leading and lagging
- 16. D-VAR STATCOM has overload capability of 2.67 times its continuous rating
- 19. Droop slope adjustable from 1% to 10%
- 20. Adjustable reference or target voltage
- 21. Optional dead band and D-VAR output limits
- 22. Can switch between voltage and power factor controlFast Buck Turn On 1.04 1.03 1.02 Buck Droop = 2% Reference Voltage Buck Turn On = 1.00pu 1.01 Deadband 1.00 0.99 Boost Turn On Boost Droop = 2% 0.98 0.97 0.96 Fast Boost Turn On 0.95 Boost Hard Limit = 0.950pu 1x 2x 3x 1x 2x 3x Bucking Output Boosting Output
- 26. Capacitor/Reactor Bank Switching Control
- 28. Other Shunt Type FACTS Devices SVC = Static VAR Compensator TSC: Thyristor Switched Capacitor TSR: Thyristor Switched Reactor TCR: Thyristor Controller Reactor TSC & TSR are basically capacitors and reactors with power electronic switches (instead of mechanical switches) TCR is effectively an infinitely variable reactor, but has the drawback of creating high harmonics
- 29. STATCOM vs. SVC Performance STATCOM is a Current Controlling Device Q = I*V Reactive Power is linearly dependent on Voltage SVC is a Impedance Controlling Device Q = V2/X Reactive Power is dependent on the square of the Voltage
- 30. 100 MVAR D-VAR® STATCOM vs. 100 MVAR SVC Output MVAR Output Vpu MVAR
- 31. 100 MVAR D-VAR® STATCOM With Overload vs. 100 MVAR SVC Output MVAR Output Vpu MVAR
- 33. Easy to expand and relocate
- 36. Does not require external filter
- 37. No potential to cause harmonic resonances
- 38. Robust during low voltage conditions
- 40. Air-cooled
- 41. Non-modular
- 42. Difficult to expand and nearly impossible to relocate
- 43. Larger footprint
- 45. Typically requires external filter
- 46. Potential for harmonic resonances
- 47. Output limited by low voltage conditions
- 51. Up to 24 MVAR instantaneously for >1 second duration
- 52. up to +/- 8 MVAR continuous
- 53. continuous VAR output is either leading or lagging
- 56. The D-VAR® PME - Pad Mounted System Physical packaging changed from truck trailer to modular package (8’x8’x8’ for +/-4 MVAR) Improved ability for system controls, Modbus interface, Remote monitoring, etc. Proven performance of robust air cooling system in harsh/hostile environments (desert, arctic and everything in between) Original 8 MVA Trailer Configuration Continuous Capability 8 MVAR Dynamic Capability 24 MVAR Current D-VAR Configuration Continuous Capability 24 MVAR Dynamic Capability 64 MVAR
- 57. The D-VAR® PME - Preventive Maintenance Checks: Filters clean/replace, general condition, louvers, fans, exhaust passages, check heater operation Exhaust louvers Filters Front louvers Easy to Maintain – 24 x 7 Monitoring by AMSC Available
- 58. The D-VAR® PME - Snow Hoods
- 59. D-VAR® Inverters - PME vs. Trailer PME Trailer Three Phase Inverter Two 3-Phase Inverters = 500 kVAR 200 LBS Single Phase Inverter Three 1-Phase Inverters = 500 kVAR 60 LBS 40% smaller
- 61. Helping wind and solar farms meet a world wide variety of grid codes
- 62. Helping industries improve their power quality by significantly reducing their electric outage costs
- 64. Centennial Wind Farm
- 65. Lake Bonney Wind Farm
- 67. ITC
- 68. Iceland
- 69. Rayburn (G&T Co-op)
- 70. Basin Electric
- 72. Canadian Mine
- 74. NW Semiconductor (2) D-VAR System Output Range -168 to +168 MVAR -80 to +80 MVAR -48 to +98 MVAR -107 to +107 MVAR -64 to +118 MVAR -72 to 72 MVAR -120 to +210 MVAR -91 to 91 MVAR -96 to 240 MVAR Versatile STATCOM Solution Deployed Worldwide
- 75. AMSC D-VAR® STATCOM System Installations Utilities – D-VAR System for Voltage Collapse and Regulation Industrials – D-VAR System for Power Quality Wind Farms – D-VAR System for LVRT, Regulations, Dynamic VARs
- 76. AMSC D-VAR® STATCOM and D-VAR STATCOM Off-Shoot Installations Utilities – D-VAR System for Voltage Collapse and Regulation Industrials – D-VAR System for Power Quality Wind Farms – D-VAR System for LVRT, Regulations, Dynamic VARs AMSC Windtec® Designed Wind Turbine Generators D-VAR RT System to Meet Grid Code Requirements
Notes de l'éditeur
- This is a very old AMSC slide. We did not start out making the D-VAR. It started with a product called D-SMES. Basically, this was a D-VAR with a SMES – Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage. The inverters were used to converted the DC magnet power to AC. The real power output was the main goal with the VARs coming along for the ride. The size of the initial units were 3 MVAR. Analysis quickly showed AMSC that the VARs and especially the initial 2.3X overload was very important for voltage recovery problems. It did not take long to get to the 8 MVAR size.
- The early units were very often place in trailers. It made transportation of units very easy and they were not all that difficult to build. They could easily be moved from site to site to get maximum use. In general, utilities did not understand nor want the magnet nor really liked the trailer. I heard more than once, “How much air should I keep in the tires?”
- Here is our main cold weather tweak. The snow hoods prevent the icing up of the front and exhaust louvers.
- The inverters for the PME are somewhat different from the trailer inverters. The PME’s inverters are built as single phase inverters which are smaller and lighter that the three phase trailer’s inverters. They can now be easily handled by one person now. A strong person.