simple ppt

1. CLASSIFICATION OF
ANTI- HYPERTENSIVE
DRUGS
JOHNY WILBERT, M.Sc[N]
LECTURER,
APOLLO INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT AND ALLIED SCIENCE

2. Definition
• The drugs used in the treatment of
hypertension act by reducing the cardiac
output and or reducing the total peripheral
resistance, without correcting the cause.

3. CLASSIFICATION:-
• 1)Drugs acting centrally.
• 2)Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia.
• 3)Drugs acting on the postganglionic
sympathetic nerve ending.
• 4)Drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors.

4. • 5)Drugs acting on the vascular smooth muscle.
• 6)Potassium channel activators.
• 7)Drugs which block renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone axis.
• 8)Oral diuretics.
• 9)Miscellaneous.

5. Drugs acting centrally:-
• (a)Alpha2 adrenergic receptorstimulants:- eg:-
Clonidine and methyldopa
• (b) Selective imidazole receptor (I-receptor)
Stimulant:- eg:- Moxonidine
Drugs acting on the autonomicganglion:-
Ganglion blocking agents eg:- Trimethaphan

6. Drugs acting on the postganglionic sympathetic
nerve endings:-
• (a) Adrenergic neuron blockers eg:-
Guaenethidine, Bethanidine, Debrisoquine,
Bretylium.
• (b) Catecholamine depletors eg:- Reserpine

7. Drugs acting on adrenergic receptors :-
• (a) Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents eg:-
Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosine,
Indoramine.
• (b) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents eg:-
Propranol, Atenolol, Metopprolol.
• (c) Both alpha and beta adrenergic blocking
drugs eg:- Labetalol.

8. Drugs acting directly on the vascular smooth
muscle:-
• (a)Arteriolar vasodilators eg:- Calcium channel
blockers, Hydralazine, Diazoxide, Minoxidil
• (b) Arteriolar-venular vasodilators eg:-Sodium
nitroprusside
• Potassium channel activators:- eg:-Diazoxide,
Minoxidil, Pinacidil, Nicorandil

9. Drugs which block renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone axis:-
• (a)Those which block renin release eg:- Beta-
adrenergic blockers
• (b) Those which block the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II:- These drugs
act by inhibiting the angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) eg:- Captopril, Enalapril

10. • (c) Those which competitively block
angiotensin II vascular receptors (ARB): eg;-
Losartan.
• (d) Those which counterer the action of
aldosterone (Aldosterone antagonist):- eg:-
Spironolactone.

11. Oral diuretics:- eg:-Thiazides
Miscellaneous:- eg:- Metyrosine
• It must be emphasized that various
antihypertensive drugs may ultimately reduce
BP in humans by more than one mechanism.

12. Thank you