This document discusses various physical separation techniques including magnetism, simple distillation, hand separation, filtration, sifting or sieving, evaporation, and chromatography. It provides examples of how each technique can be used to separate different mixtures, such as using a magnet to separate nails from wood chips, distilling water from a saltwater solution, sifting sand from pebbles, and using chromatography paper to separate ink into its original components. The key idea is that physical separation techniques separate mixtures into their original pure substances without chemical changes through methods like filtration, evaporation, magnetic attraction, or passing through columns.

3.  When two or more
materials or substances
are mixed together but do
not chemically combine.
 This means they retain
their original properties.
 This means they can be
separated by physical
means.

4.  Magnetism
 Simple Distillation
 Hand separation
 Filtration
 Sifting or sieving
 Evaporation
 Chromatography

5.  If one component of the mixture has
magnetic properties, you could use a
magnet to separate the mixture. Iron, nickel,
and cobalt are all materials that are
magnetic.
 Not all metals are magnetic: gold, silver,
and aluminum are examples of metals that
are not magnetic.

6.  Using a magnet to separate nails from wood
chips.

7. The process by
which a mixture is separated by
heating a solution and
condensing using a cooling
tube.
The liquid collected is the distillate.

8. “It is the process whereby distilled water is
produced and accessible in the market”
“Rain water is a product of distillation”
“Some medicine that has fish oil ingredients
passes through double distillation”.
Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and
lubricating oil are produced from petroleum
by distillation.

9. Figure 2.14:
The solution
is boiled and
steam is
driven off.

10. Figure 2.14:
Salt remains
after all water
is boiled off.

11. Saltwater solution
(homogeneous mixture)
Distillation
(physical method)
Salt
Pure water

12.  Separating the parts of a mixture by
hand.
 Only useful when the particles are large
enough to be seen clearly.
 Useful for: separating parts of a salad.

13.  Using your fork to separate tomatoes, lettuce,
cucumber, onions, etc. in your salad.

15. Filtration
 Used when separating a solid substance
from a fluid (a liquid or a gas) by passing
a mixture through a porous material
such as a type of filter.
 Works by letting the fluid pass through
but not the solid.
 Examples of filters: coffee filter, cloth,
oil filter, even sand!

16. Example of filtration:
 Using a coffee filter to separate the
coffee flavor from the coffee beans.

17. separates a
liquid from a
solid
Mixture of solid and liquid Stirring
rod
Filtrate (liquid component of the mixture)
Filter paper
traps solid
Funnel

18. Sifting or sieving
 Used to separate a dry
mixture which contains
substances of different
sizes by passing it
through a sieve, a device
containing tiny holes.

19. Example of sifting/sieving:
 Using a sieve
to separate
sand from
pebbles.

20.  Allowing the liquid
to evaporate,
leaving the
soluble solid
behind.
 Example: heating
sugar water. The
water evaporates
and the sugar
crystals are left
behind.

21. Figure 2.17: Separation of a
sand-saltwater mixture.

22. Iron stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
E
V
A
P
O
R
A
T
I
O
N

23. Chromatography
 Tie-dye t-shirt
 Black pen ink
 DNA testing
 Tomb of Unknown Soldiers
 Crime scene
 Paternity testing

24. Paper Chromatography

25. Separation by Chromatography
sample
mixture
a chromatographic column
stationary phase
selectively absorbs
components
mobile phase
sweeps sample
down column
detector
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld006.htm

26. Separation by Chromatography
sample
mixture
a chromatographic column
stationary phase
selectively absorbs
components
mobile phase
sweeps sample
down column
detector
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld006.htm

27. Chromatography
 Used to separate dissolved substances in a
solution from each other.
Mixture Components
Separation
Stationary Phase
Mobile Phase

28. Example of
chromatography:
 Using chromatography paper to
separate ink into it’s original
components.