DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of base pairs in a DNA section. In the 1970s, Maxam-Gilbert developed one of the first DNA sequencing methods using chemical modification. Chain termination sequencing uses single-stranded DNA, primers, polymerase, and nucleotides split into four reactions to elongate DNA until termination. Chemical degradation sequencing treats double-stranded DNA with chemicals that cut it at different positions. Dye-terminator sequencing labels each chain terminator with a fluorescent dye that emits light at different wavelengths. DNA sequencing has applications in cancer treatment, disease diagnosis, biotechnology, forensics, and was a major focus of the Human Genome Project to map the human genome.

1. DNA Sequencing Jordan Fuller