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3D printing and Intellectual
Property
©Joren De Wachter
2
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Overview
1. What is 3D printing?
2. Recent developments.
3. Impact of 3D printing – a projection.
4. IP and 3D printing
5. 3D printing and IP
6. Conclusions
3
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
‹#›
What is 3D printing?
5
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
What is 3D printing?
6
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
What is 3D printing?
7
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
What is 3D printing?
8
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Type Technologies Materials
Extrusion Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Thermoplastics (e.g. PLA, ABS),
eutecticmetals, ediblematerials
Granular
Direct metal laser sintering
(DMLS) Almost any metal alloy
Electron beam melting (EBM) Titanium alloys
Selective heat sintering (SHS) Thermoplasticpowder
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Thermoplastics, metal powders,
ceramicpowders
Powder bed and inkjet head 3d
printing, Plaster-based 3D
printing (PP) Plaster
Laminated
Laminated object manufacturing
(LOM) Paper, metal foil, plastic film
Light polymerised
Stereolithography (SLA) photopolymer
Digital Light Processing (DLP) liquidresin
Source: Wikipedia
What is 3D printing?
• Uses
– Industrial uses:
• Rapid prototyping
• Rapid manufacturing
• Mass customization
• Mass production
– Domestic and hobbyist uses
– 3D printing services
9
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
What is 3D printing?
PERSONALISATION
OF
MANUFACTURING
10
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Recent Developments
11
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Business
12
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Impact – a projection
• Actual cost of prime material & assembly is
currently about 10-20%; all the rest is travel,
storage, throw away, etc
• Consumers don’t like >90% of products they
buy
13
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Impact – a projection
14
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Impact – a projection
15
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Post-
Scarcity
?
IP and 3D printing
• Patents
– Mostly expired (core patents date from 80s)
– Different from inkjet/laser
• Copyright
– CAD software
– Driver software
– Interface: STL file format
• Design
– Does not really apply
16
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
IP and 3D printing
• Open Source & Creative Commons
– Driver software
– Hardware (Arduino)
– File format
– File content
• “Maker Revolution”
17
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Patents
– Patents in manufacturing processes & machinery
• Manufacturing capability changes fundamentally
• 3D printing and other additive manufacturing allows for
new ways of manufacturing (e.g. chocolates)
• Expansion on existing ways of manufacturing
• Does not apply to all manufacturing
• Standardized manufacturing will remain of value, but its
processes will be impacted
18
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Patents
– Patents in manufacturing processes & machinery
• Enforceability and cost-efficiency (RoI) of patents?
• Value of patents
– Patents in spare parts
• 3D scanning
• Efficiency of patents against personalised reproduction?
• No DMCA for patents
19
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Patents
– Patents in materials
– Reproduction of specific materials (medicine, DNA-
based)
– Expansion into new materials
– Difference with business model of inkjet/laser
printers on paper: technology of printing itself is
open
20
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Patents
– Patents in software
• Open Source hardware and software (most value is in
software)
• Innovative strength of Open Source will affect scope of
patentability
– Patents in business models (Intellectual Ventures’
patent on DRM system)
• Quite stupid
21
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
22
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Google
sketchup
Copyright?
3D printing and IP
23
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
24
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Copyright?
3D printing and IP
• Copyright
– Copyright in the CAD file
– Copyright in the design
– Copyright in a scan file
• Distinction between “expression” and
“function”
• What is a “copy”?
• Effect of Creative Commons
25
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Copyright
• Enforceability?
26
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Design rights and design patents
27
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Design rights
– “copy” & “reproduction”?
– Enforceability
– Economic value of the exclusive rights?
• Economic value of design – Design as a Service
28
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Trademarks
– Spare parts?
– “branding” vs “product/service”
– Control over use of brand?
– Personalized manufacturing vs trademarks
attached to standardized/controlled product
– Efficiency of enforcement?
29
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Possible solutions?
– Lego
• Patents expired
• Use of Trademark/Copyright/Design to protect
functionality has failed
• Solution: open up, create community, value brand, first
mover advantage
– Open Source: Red Hat
– “IP as a Service”
30
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
3D printing and IP
• Reassess:
– Ownership v Influence
– Closed v Open
• Business models?
31
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
A story
Yseult goes to her first party
32
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Conclusions
• Revolution?
• Innovation?
• Role of IP rights?
• Use of IP rights?
• Value of IP rights?
33
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Conclusions
34
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Conclusions
35
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
Conclusions
36
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
“Copy” v “Personalized”
Thank you
37
©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com

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3 d print and i pv4

  • 1. 3D printing and Intellectual Property ©Joren De Wachter
  • 3. Overview 1. What is 3D printing? 2. Recent developments. 3. Impact of 3D printing – a projection. 4. IP and 3D printing 5. 3D printing and IP 6. Conclusions 3 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 5. What is 3D printing? 5 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 6. What is 3D printing? 6 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 7. What is 3D printing? 7 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 8. What is 3D printing? 8 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com Type Technologies Materials Extrusion Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Thermoplastics (e.g. PLA, ABS), eutecticmetals, ediblematerials Granular Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) Almost any metal alloy Electron beam melting (EBM) Titanium alloys Selective heat sintering (SHS) Thermoplasticpowder Selective laser sintering (SLS) Thermoplastics, metal powders, ceramicpowders Powder bed and inkjet head 3d printing, Plaster-based 3D printing (PP) Plaster Laminated Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Paper, metal foil, plastic film Light polymerised Stereolithography (SLA) photopolymer Digital Light Processing (DLP) liquidresin Source: Wikipedia
  • 9. What is 3D printing? • Uses – Industrial uses: • Rapid prototyping • Rapid manufacturing • Mass customization • Mass production – Domestic and hobbyist uses – 3D printing services 9 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 10. What is 3D printing? PERSONALISATION OF MANUFACTURING 10 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 11. Recent Developments 11 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 13. Impact – a projection • Actual cost of prime material & assembly is currently about 10-20%; all the rest is travel, storage, throw away, etc • Consumers don’t like >90% of products they buy 13 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 14. Impact – a projection 14 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 15. Impact – a projection 15 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com Post- Scarcity ?
  • 16. IP and 3D printing • Patents – Mostly expired (core patents date from 80s) – Different from inkjet/laser • Copyright – CAD software – Driver software – Interface: STL file format • Design – Does not really apply 16 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 17. IP and 3D printing • Open Source & Creative Commons – Driver software – Hardware (Arduino) – File format – File content • “Maker Revolution” 17 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 18. 3D printing and IP • Patents – Patents in manufacturing processes & machinery • Manufacturing capability changes fundamentally • 3D printing and other additive manufacturing allows for new ways of manufacturing (e.g. chocolates) • Expansion on existing ways of manufacturing • Does not apply to all manufacturing • Standardized manufacturing will remain of value, but its processes will be impacted 18 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 19. 3D printing and IP • Patents – Patents in manufacturing processes & machinery • Enforceability and cost-efficiency (RoI) of patents? • Value of patents – Patents in spare parts • 3D scanning • Efficiency of patents against personalised reproduction? • No DMCA for patents 19 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 20. 3D printing and IP • Patents – Patents in materials – Reproduction of specific materials (medicine, DNA- based) – Expansion into new materials – Difference with business model of inkjet/laser printers on paper: technology of printing itself is open 20 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 21. 3D printing and IP • Patents – Patents in software • Open Source hardware and software (most value is in software) • Innovative strength of Open Source will affect scope of patentability – Patents in business models (Intellectual Ventures’ patent on DRM system) • Quite stupid 21 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 22. 3D printing and IP 22 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com Google sketchup Copyright?
  • 23. 3D printing and IP 23 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 24. 3D printing and IP 24 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com Copyright?
  • 25. 3D printing and IP • Copyright – Copyright in the CAD file – Copyright in the design – Copyright in a scan file • Distinction between “expression” and “function” • What is a “copy”? • Effect of Creative Commons 25 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 26. 3D printing and IP • Copyright • Enforceability? 26 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 27. 3D printing and IP • Design rights and design patents 27 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 28. 3D printing and IP • Design rights – “copy” & “reproduction”? – Enforceability – Economic value of the exclusive rights? • Economic value of design – Design as a Service 28 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 29. 3D printing and IP • Trademarks – Spare parts? – “branding” vs “product/service” – Control over use of brand? – Personalized manufacturing vs trademarks attached to standardized/controlled product – Efficiency of enforcement? 29 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 30. 3D printing and IP • Possible solutions? – Lego • Patents expired • Use of Trademark/Copyright/Design to protect functionality has failed • Solution: open up, create community, value brand, first mover advantage – Open Source: Red Hat – “IP as a Service” 30 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 31. 3D printing and IP • Reassess: – Ownership v Influence – Closed v Open • Business models? 31 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 32. A story Yseult goes to her first party 32 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 33. Conclusions • Revolution? • Innovation? • Role of IP rights? • Use of IP rights? • Value of IP rights? 33 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com
  • 37. Thank you 37 ©Joren De Wachterwww.jorendewachter.com