The document discusses industrial waste treatment from the textile industry. Textile mills use various fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetics that generate different types of wastewater. The wastewater pollutants come from the fibers and chemicals used in processing. Cotton textile mills produce yarn from raw cotton through steps like opening, cleaning, picking, carding, drawing and spinning - which are dry operations that do not produce liquid waste. Wet processes like scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and finishing generate wastewater with varying properties. Common chemicals used include enzymes, caustic soda, peroxides, and dyes. Textile mill waste is characterized by a pH of 9.8

1. L-27
Textile IndustryTextile Industry
Industrial Waste Treatment

2. Introduction
Textile mill uses cotton, wool or synthetic
fibers.
Waste water generated depends uponWaste water generated depends upon
type of fiber used.
The pollutants in the wastewater include
- The fibers used and
- Chemicals used in processing

4. Cotton Textile mill
An integrated textile mill produces it yarn from raw
cotton.
Production of yarn from raw cotton includes steps
such as
- Opening and cleaning- Opening and cleaning
- Picking
- Carding
- Drawing
- Spinning
- Winding and wrapping
All these are dry
operations and
does not produce
any liquid waste

5. The entire waste is generated from following
operations
- Slashing
- Scouring All these are wet- Scouring
- Desizing
- Bleaching
- Mercerizing
- Dyeing and finishing
All these are wet
operations and
produce liquid
waste having
varying properties

6. Yarn manufacturing
RAW

7. Carding and combing

8. Wet processes

10. Wet Process in textile mill Chemicals used
Scouring and Desizing
(50% of total pollutional
load)
Enzymes, caustic soda,
soda ash and detergents
Bleaching (10 % load) Peroxides and hypo
chlorides
Mercerizing (small quantity Caustic sodaMercerizing (small quantity
of waste)
Caustic soda
Dyeing Variety of dyes (reactive,
vat, sulfur, basic etc),
caustic soda etc
finishing Starches, dextrines and
synthetic waxes, resins etc

15. Composition of composite
cotton textile mill waste
Your Subtopics Go HereCharacteristics Value
pH 9.8 - 11.8
Total alkalinity 17.35 mg/lit as CaCO3
BOD 760 mg/lit
COD 1418 mg/lit
Total Solids 6170 mg/lit
Total Chromium 12.5 mg/lit

16. Treatment alternative

17. Treatment alternative
Oxidation
Pond

18. Objective Questions
1. For treatment of textile waste,
neutralization tank is needed because of
__________nature of wastewater.
2. pH of textile mill waste is in the range of2. pH of textile mill waste is in the range of
____.
3. Pick out odd one w r t textile mill
Desizing, quilling, dyeing, proportioning

19. Theory Questions
Q1. Draw a manufacturing process flow
sheet for textile industry. Also mention
sources of wastes.
Q2. Give general characteristics of textileQ2. Give general characteristics of textile
mill waste.
Q3. Discuss treatment alternatives for
textile mill waste.