3. Learning Goal 1/
Guiding Question 1
IWBAT: Explain why people settled
in the British North American
colonies.
-Did people come for primarily
economic concerns or for
religious/idealistic motivations?
4. Learning Goal 2
Explain how the British North
American colonies developed into
distinctively different societies
and economies.
Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and
Lower South, (2) New England, (3)
Mid-Atlantic.
9. Settlement of Virginia
• Virginia Company • House of Burgesses
• Jamestown • indentured servants
• John Smith • headright system
• John Rolfe
• Tobacco
• “starving time”
Jamestown Settlement (Computer Generated)
10. The Virginia Company
• A joint stock
company
• Primary goal- Profit
• Religious
motivation was
much less
important than in
the founding of:
Maryland, PA, RI,
Mass.
11. Tobacco
• Intro. of tobacco
cultivation made
the British colonies
in the Chesapeake
region economically
viable.
• By the mid 1700s,
tobacco was the
most valuable cash
crop produced in
the Southern States
12. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
13. Life in Early Virginia,
1620-1670s
• “plantations”
• society
• economy
• quality of life
• religion?
River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640
15. From Servitude to Slavery
in the Chesapeake Region
[1607-1690]
• Indentured Servants • Planters in VA and MD
played a key role in used the “headright”
the growth of tobacco system to encourage
plantation system in the importation of
VA and MD. indentured servants.
• They were the chief Whoever paid the
source of agricultural passage of a laborer
labor in both of these received the rights to
colonies before 1675. acquire 50 acres of
land. Masters thus
enjoyed the benefits of
this system.
16. Slave labor in colonial VA spread
rapidly in the late 17 th century, as
Blacks displaced White indentured
servants in the tobacco fields
17. Social Unrest in the Chesapeake
• Bacon’s
rebellion
– causes
• Backcountry
[Indian land]
settlement and
Protection
• Power of
“eastern” elites
and Taxation
– significance
Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 1676
18. Nathaniel Bacon –
(1/2/1647-10/26/1676)
• The colonists demanded
• Virginia colonist war against all Indians
• Wanted to settle in the Chesapeake
Indian Land granted • Gov. William Berkeley
by the Powhaten refused
Treaty in 1646.
• Bacon raised an army of
• Once a group of western settlers in 1676-
Susquehannock were attacking Indians,
killed and no seizing and burning
compensation was down Jamestown and
made, the tribe taking over the
attacked colonists government
20. Bacon’s Rebellion,
1676
• Exposed tensions
between the former
indentured servants,
who were poor, and the
gentry [the genteel
class of planters], who
were rich.
• As planters became
more suspicious of
their former indentured
servants, they turned
to slaves as more
reliable sources of
labor.
21. The End of the
Rebellion
• Ending with Bacon dying of illness
• King Charles II sent Gov. Berkeley
back to Britain
• The House of Burgesses, VA
assembly- quieted opposition by
limiting the Governor's power over
land and by opening Indian lands to
colonists.
22. Significance of Bacon’s
Rebellion
• First large rebellion in colonies
(political & social)
• Social/political conflict: “eastern”
elites vs. backcountry
• Catalyst in transition from
indentured servitude to slavery
23. Growth of Plantation
Economies and Slave Societies,
1690-1754
• Slavery developed and spread b.c. the
cultivation of tobacco required inexpensive
labor.
• Legally established in all 13 colonies by
the early 1700s
• Although enslaved, Africans maintained
cultural practices brought from Africa
• Rice was the most important crop grown in
SC during the mid 18th century
24. Reasons for Slavery
• Decrease in indentured servants
– English economy
• Increase in availability of slaves
– end of Royal African company monopoly
– Decrease in price
• Fears of growing number of landless
freemen
• Available supply from Caribbean
30. Slavery Africans as a Percentage of Total
Population of the British
Colonies, 1650–1770
• Where was
slavery legal?
In which
colonies did it
exist?
31. Deep The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century
South
• Carolina (1682)
• Georgia (1738)
• rice
• indigo
Rice
Indigo
32. The Carolinas
• Settlers used African
• Charles the II rice-growing knowledge
granted land to of culture for farming
supporters tecniques making
• Later divided into profitable rice
N. & S. plantations
• 1720s, the Crown • Charles Town
took over [Charleston] thriving
• 1st colonists from port of Scots-Irish,
Barbados Germans, Euro. Jews,
– Raised cattle, cut West Indians, fleeing
timber, traded Huguenots
33. Task System
• System in which Plantation
Slave were assigned specific
duties each day.
• Once completed laves could
tend to their own small plots
and raise stock
• A few slaves earned enough
to buy their freedom
• Fearful of slaves
outnumbering masters and
buying their freedom- they
pressed the colony to adopt a
harsh slave code.
35. Stono Rebellion (1739)
• One of the earliest known acts of
rebellion against slavery in America.
• Greatly organized and led by slaves
living south of Charleston, South
Carolina.
• Slaves tried to flee to Spanish Florida,
where they hoped to gain their
freedom.
36. Summarizer
• At your table, summarize what has
been learned today on one sheet of
paper to hand in as you leave.
38. Warm Up
• Have you ever heard anyone criticize
someone or something as “too
puritanical”?
• What do they mean? Do you think the
actual Puritans of New England were
“too puritanical”?
• Where have your own ideas about the
Puritans come from?
43. Plymouth
• 1620- Mayflower reached Cape Cod
Bay near Provincetown
• Pilgrims- left England due to
Religious Conflict
• Travelled to worship God in their own
way
44. The Pilgrim Faith
• Conflict arose in • Protestants who
1534- when King wished to “purify” the
Henry XVII broke Anglican Church of all
the w/ the Roman Catholic Rituals and
Catholic Church Traditions
and formed the • Church leaders
Anglican should be known for
• Pilgrims a.k.a ‘purity of mind, not
Separatists their abandonment of
person’
45. Colonies
• Originally left for the
tolerant Netherlands,
but were forced into
poverty and children
led into Dutch
customs
• William Bradford and
others obtained
permission from the
Virginia Company to
come to the new land
48. Puritans
Puritan non-separatists, while equally
fervent in their religious convictions,
were committed to reformation of the
Church of England and restoration of
early Christian society.
Also believed in predestination
49. The Puritans- KEY
FACTS
• Came to New England in family
groups.
• Wanted to escape political repression,
religious restrictions, and economic
recession
• Their leader was John Winthrop
• The Puritans typically lived in small
villages surrounded by farmland
50. Key Facts continued…
• Typical Puritan
community was
characterized by a close
relationship between
church and state
• Puritans believed in the
necessity for a trained
and educated ministry
• Founded Harvard College
and Yale College to
ensure an adequate
supply to ministers
51. “ A City Upon a Hill”
• John Winthrop called
on the Puritans to build
a model society
• Puritans had a powerful
sense of mission- to
build an ideal Christian
Society
• Created a model
Christian society with a
strict code of moral
conduct. EX- banned
the theater
52. “ A City Upon a
Hill”
“For we must consider
Excerpt from Withrop’s famous
sermon, in which he defined the that we shall be as a
purpose of the Puritan Colony:
city upon a hill. They
eyes of all people are
upon us. So that if we
shall deal falsely with
our God in this work we
have undertaken, and
so cause Him to
withdraw His present
help from us, we shall
be made a story and a
by-word through the
53. Analysis of Winthrop
• He believed that the rich would
practice charity and mercy, and the
poor would show faith, patience, and
fortitude in God's will. In order for the
ultimate goal to be attained, a social
hierarchy needed to be established. It
was proposed that the government
would prevent the rich from exploiting
the poor, who in turn would not
disturb their fellow citizens.
54. The Puritans &
Religious Freedom
• The Puritans • Not everyone shared
immigrated to America Winthrop’s vision.
for religious freedom. Both Anne
HOWEVER, they did Hutchinson and Roger
NOT tolerate religious Williams were expelled
dissent or diversity. for challenging the
Puritan authorities.
55. Anne Hutchinson
• Struggled with the Mass. Bay
Authority over religious
doctrine and gender roles
• Challenged clerical authority
and claimed to have had
revelations from God
• Bay officials banished
Hutchinson to RI. Later
moved to New York where
she and all but 1 of her
children were killed by
Indians.
56. New England
• towns
• town meetings
• church
• Education
• “Old Satan
Deluder” Act
(1647)
• Harvard
College (1636)
• merchants
Land Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656
59. Roger Williams
• Founded Rhode Island
• Advanced the cause of
religious toleration and
freedom of thought
• Believed that the state
was an improper and
ineffectual agency in
matters of spirit.
• Obtained a royal
charter in 1644- giving
RI religious freedom to
inhabitants
60. Salem Witch Trials
• By 1690 2 dozen people were accused
of witchcraft in Massachusetts
• Several girls in the farming
community were stricken with
seizures
• The girls accused townsmen of being
witches- responsible for their
afflictions
• Dozens tried, 19 hanged
61. Debunking the myths
• Unsettled by economic pressure and
the feeling that society was evolving
beyond their control- farmers of Salem
were too ready to go along with
accusations.
• Accusations were a convenient way to
dispose of women who were viewed as
too smart, too independent or too
annoying. Most of the accused were
single women or women who were
highly visible in business
62. Witches
• Added incentive for
witch trials: the
accuser would
receive a portion of
the convicted
“witch’s” property
64. The Half Way
Covenant
• As time passed, the Puritans’ religious
zeal began to diminish
• The Half-Way Covenant eased
requirements for church membership
by allowing the baptism of the
children of baptized but unconverted
Puritans
67. Activator:
“What a Mighty God We Serve!”
-- Modern day religious revival.
1. What images come to mind when
listening to this song?
2. What do you think the term “revive”
means? What about a religious revival?
3. Why was religion important in early
U.S. History?
68. Learning Goal
• IWBAT List the beliefs the Great
Awakening promoted and apply it to
the founding of the Middle Colonies
71. New
York
• New Netherland (1613)
– Who? Why?
• New York (1664)
• society
• economy
72. New York & New
Jersey
• Dutch West Indian • Most believed leaders
Company est. colony to be poor and
in 1624 surrendered to an
• “New Netherland” English fleet in 1644
extended inland [Gov. Stuyvesant]
alongside Hudson • New Gov. Richard
River Nicolls promised to
• Had little Dutch treat all “with all
settlers but attracted humanity and
others- by 1644 gentless consistent
settlers spoke 18 with safety & honor”
different languages
73. Divvy up
• Charles II gave
James, the Duke of
York- New
Netherland
• Renamed New York
and gave the rest-
NJ, to friends
74. Review
• How did England settle the Carolinas
and come to possess the New York
and New Jersey colonies?
75. Pennsylvania
• William Penn
• Quakers
• society
• economy
• Indian
relations
Royal Land Grant to Penn
76. Pennsylvania
• 1681- King Charles II repaid a debt
[16,000 pd.] to Sir William Penn by
making his son proprietor of PA
• Wanted it to be a haven for Quakers
• Persecuted by Anglicans and Puritans
• Had no formal clergy, opposed war,
ignored class privilege
• Holy Experiment where people of diff.
nationalities and religious could live
peacefully
• Payed for Indian land/ treated farily
77. Pennsylvania
Land Culture
• Cheap, fertile • Philadelphia- [capital]-
• waterfront with shops
Mild climate
and markets
• Surplus of grain
• Some bought slaves
• Exported flour to West
Indies
• Exported Salted meat
78. Key Facts
• The colony was founded by William
Penn
• Penn created an unusually liberal
colony, which included representative
assembly elected by the landowners.
• Pennsylvania granted freedom of
religion and did not have a state-
supported church
79. Quakers
• Quakers were pacifists
who refused to bear arms
• Quakers advocated
freedom of worship and
accepted a greater role for
women in church services
• Quakers opposed slavery
and were among America’s
first abolitionists
80. Georgia
• Social Experiment
• 1732- a century after Jamestown
• James Oglethorpe and trustees planned
to provide a fresh start to England’s poor
• Parliament intended it to be a buffer
b/w S. Carolina and Spanish Florida
• Prohibitions against rum and slavery
• 1750 allowed slavery, but became a
royal colony in 1752 since it did not
prosper
81. Review
• How did social ideals influence the
founding of Pennsylvania and
Georgia?
83. The First Great
Awakening
• Key points to
remember about the
First Great
Awakening:
– It took the form of a
wave of religious
revivals that began in
New England in the
1730s
– The wave soon swept
across all the colonies
during the 1740s
84. Consequences
• “New Light” ministers advocated an emotional
approach to religious practice; this weakened
the authority of traditional “Old Light”
ministers and established churches
85. New Light Ministries
• Promoted the growth of
New Light institutions of
higher learning, such as
Princeton
• Sparked a renewed
missionary spirit that led
to the conversion of many
African slaves
• Led to a greater
appreciation for the
emotional experiences of
faith
86. Emphasis
• Human reason as • Sparked new
the key to improve Protestant
society Churches:
• G.A. launched by – Baptist
Jonathan Edwards – Methodist
of Connecticut • Appealed to poor &
• British minister enslaved, those
George Whitefield usually neglected
spread message of by established
G.A. Churches
90. Summarizer
• 10 – 2:
• 1. Individually come up with 4 main
ideas from today’s lesson
• 2. At your tables, discuss the main
points of what we covered today.
• 3. From everyone’s piles- select only two
slips of what is the most important
aspect of the lesson
• 4. On a slip of paper with your tables
name on it, hand in what your team
selected
91. Colonial Society on
the Road to the
Revolution
WARM UP:
“The Road to Hell is paved with
good intentions” – What does
this quote mean? What
examples can you think of that
fit this?
93. Key Features
• Northern merchants and Southern
planters amassed great wealth.
Nonetheless, colonial society did not have
a hereditary aristocracy.
• The number of non-English settlers
continued to increase. For example,
Scotch-Irish and German immigrants
moved into Appalachia as the Native
Americans were defeated.
94. Key Facts continued:
• The 13 colonies were religiously diverse. As a
result of this religious pluralism, there was no
single dominant Protestant denomination.
• Slavery was generally accepted as a labor
system. The institution was legally established
in all of the colonies.
• Functioning primarily as mercantile centers,
colonial cities collected agricultural goods and
distributed imported manufactured goods. Most
colonial cities were ports that maintained close
economic and cultural ties with England.
95. MERCANTILISM
• Mercantilism was England’s dominant
economic philosophy during the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
• The goal of mercantilism was for
England to have a favorable balance of
trade. To achieve this goal, the
colonies were expected to export raw
materials and import finished goods.
• Mercantilism was designed to protect
English industry and promote
England’s prosperity.
97. Navigation Acts
• The Navigation Acts were part of the British
policy of mercantilism. They listed colonial
products that could be shipped only to
England.
• The mercantilist system led to the
subordination of the colonial economy to that of
the mother country.
• The North American colonies took advantage of
Great Britain’s policy of salutary neglect to
work out trade agreements so they could
acquire needed products from other countries.
98. Salutary Neglect
• a British policy of avoiding strict
enforcement of parliamentary laws,
meant to keep the American colonies
obedient to Great Britain. Prime
Minister Robert Walpole stated that "If
no restrictions were placed on the
colonies, they would flourish".
• This policy, which lasted from about
1607 to 1763, allowed the
enforcement of trade relations laws to
be lenient.
99. Review
• In what ways did the Navigation acts
both help and hurt the colonial
economies?
100. Women in Colonial
America
• During the colonial period, a
woman usually lost control of
her property when she
married.
• During that period, a married
woman had no separate legal
identity apart from her
husband.
• During that period, single
women and widows had the
right to own property.
101. Republican
Government
• Republicanism is
the belief that
government should
be based on the
consent of the
governed.
• Republicanism
inspired eighteenth-
century American
revolutionaries.
102. Key Principles
• Sovereignty comes from the people.
Representation should therefore be
apportioned, based on population.
• A republic is preferable to a monarchy
because it would establish a small, limited
government that is responsible to the
people.
• Widespread ownership of property is the
bulwark of republican government.
• Standing armies are dangerous and should
be avoided.
• Agrarian life is both desirable and virtuous.
103. Colonial Literature
• Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) was the
first notable American poet and the
first woman to be published in
colonial America.
• Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) was the
first published African American poet.
Her writing helped create the genre of
African American literature.
105. The Road to the
Revolution is paved in
Good Indian War, 1754-1763
• The French &
Intentions
• The Proclamation of 1763
• Stamp Act, 1765
• The Coercive Acts, 1774
• “Common Sense,” 1776
• Enlightenment
• Deism
• The Declaration of Independence,
1776
106. Research and write in your own facts or use the
Prelude: How
ones below. Glue answers under tabs.
did American
Cut out and then cut in between tabs to form
four side lift tabs.
Indians
respond to the
colonists’
desires for fur
and land?
107. The French & Indian
War, 1754-
1763
• As a result of the French and Indian
War, France relinquished its North
American empire. England now
dominated lands east of the
Mississippi, as well as parts of Canada.
• The French and Indian War was a
pivotal point in America’s relationship
with Great Britain, because it led Great
Britain to impose revenue taxes on the
colonies.
