This document provides information about asexual reproduction. It defines reproduction as the creation of new individuals from existing individuals. Asexual reproduction does not involve sex cells and the offspring are genetically identical clones of the parent. Some common forms of asexual reproduction described include budding, fission, fragmentation, spore formation, and vegetative propagation. The document also outlines a laboratory task involving groups choosing to create an educational brochure or performance about asexual reproduction.

1. Asexual
Reproduction
Unit Four, Lesson 4.1
By Margielene D. Judan

2. Lesson Outline
 Reproduction
 Types of Reproduction
 Methods of Asexual Reproduction

4. Reproduction
 Reproduction is the creation of “new
individuals” from existing individuals.

5. Two Types of Reproduction
 Sexual – involves sex cells (egg, sperm)
 Asexual – does not involve sex cells

6. Refer to p.125
In asexual
reproduction, the
parent cell is SINGLE
AND DIVIDING.
(ex. amoeba, hydra,
fungi, bacteria, etc.)

7. Refer to p.125
In sexual reproduction,
the offspring are
genetically identical
(exact clones) to their
parents.
(ex. humans,
elephants, dogs, fishes,
plants, etc.)

9. Asexual Reproduction
 Formation of new
individuals from the cell(s)
of a single parent
 Very common among plants,
fungi, microbes, and
invertebrates
 Advantage: organism can
reproduce even without a
mate or partner

10. Common Types of Asexual
Reproduction
 Budding
 Fission
 Fragmentation
 Spore formation or sporulation
 Vegetative propagation
 Grafting
 Layering

11. 1. Budding
 New individual is formed
by formation of a bud
 It new organism is
attached as it grows,
separating only when it
is mature, which leaves
a scar on the parent.

13. 2. Fission
 Body divides into two
(binary) or more
(multiple) pieces

14. 3. Fragmentation
 Keyword: fragment
 The breaking of any
parts of the body into
several pieces
 The broken parts
develop into complete
individuals via
regeneration.

15. 3. Fragmentation
 In starfishes, they can
cast a part of their body
to lure and escape
predators. It is called
autotomy. (You can cut a
starfish in half and in a
year-time, you will have 2
starfish. But not all
starfish can bounce easily
to injury.)
 Stem cells are responsible
for that.

16. 4. Spore formation or sporulation
 A spore contains haploid
cells (n) enclosed in a
thick case and held
together by the
sporangium.
 Upon maturation, the
sporangium bursts and
releases the spores to
become new organisms.
 Common among fungi and
simple plants (mosses and
ferns)

17. 4. Spore formation or sporulation
 Spores finally become
living organisms via
sexual reproduction. It
combines with the male
sex cell forming a
diploid cell (2n)
 n + n = 2n
 n= half the # of
chromosomes

18. 5. Vegetative propagation
 Roots, stems and leaves are “special
vegetative structures”, meaning they can
reproduce clone offspring.
 Used mostly by gardeners and
agriculturists to produce plants with
desirable traits.

19. 5. Vegetative propagation (Cutting)
 Example 1: Cuttings (ex. Banana)

20. 5. Vegetative propagation (Grafting)
 Example 2: Grafting
(ex. apples)
2 plants are used to
develop a new plant
scion – a piece of
young stem or bud
inserted to the root
stock
stock – a rooted stem
which a scion is grafted

21. 5. Vegetative propagation (Grafting)
 The scion is
selected for good
quality of fruits,
flowers, resistance
to diseases, etc.
 The stock is
selected for good
quality of roots.

22. 5. Vegetative propagation (Layering)
 Example 3: Layering (ex. raspberries)

23. Laboratory Task 2.1: Refer to pp.146-
147. (by group)
 Choose only one: either product 1 or 3.
 For product 1, you need to produce copies for each group in both
section, plus one for the teacher. The content will be included in
the exam.
 For product 3, you need to make a presentation (ex. skit,
performance, song, play, etc.) with your group.
 The judges are your classmates, and your score will depend on
the average times 10. If your average is 9.2, then 9.2 x 10 =
92/100 = 92%
 This task will comprise almost half of your laboratory grade.

24. Laboratory Task 2.1: Refer to pp.146-
147. (by group)
 The performance of each group will be scheduled on
different dates, to be performed at the start of the class
period. (minimum of 5 minutes; maximum of 15). In the
mechanics section in the rubric, instead of checking the
spelling and punctuation, we will check the diction and
creativity.
 The output is due on different dates also. In the mechanics
section, the layout of the brochure is to be considered also.
 Only one group per day will perform.

25. Laboratory Task 2.1: Refer to pp.146-
147. (by group)
 Available dates for Agate
o Sept. 8-10 (Tue to Thurs)
o Sept. 14 (Mon)
o Sept. 16 (Wed)
 Available dates for Amber
o Sept. 9-11 (Wed to Fri)
o Sept. 15 (Tue)
o Sept. 17 (Thurs)

26. Sources:
 Science Links 7
 http://leavingbio.net/vegetativepropagatio
n.htm