3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY (OHS)
Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health,
safety, and welfare issues in the workplace.
OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are
aimed at making the workplace better for workers, along with
co-workers, family members, customers, and other stakeholders.
Improving a company's occupational health and safety
standards ensures good business, a better brand image, and
higher employee morale.
4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY (OHS)
Occupational health and safety is concerned
with addressing many types of workplace
hazards, such as:
• Chemicals
• Physical hazards
• Biological agents
• Psychological fallout
• Ergonomic issues
• Accidents
5. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
A hazard is a situation in the workplace that
has the potential to harm the health and safety
of people.
COMMON HAZARDS
1. Physical Hazard - environmental factors
that can harm a person without necessarily
touching them, including heights, noise,
radiation and pressure.
6. COMMON HAZARDS
2. Chemical Hazard – hazardous substances
that can cause harm. These hazards can result
in both health and physical impacts, such as
skin irritation, respiratory system irritation,
blindness, corrosion and explosions.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
7. COMMON HAZARDS
3. Ergonomic Hazard – result of physical
factors that can result in
injuries.
For example, a poor workstation setup,
poor posture and manual handling.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
8. COMMON HAZARDS
4. Biological Hazard – include viruses, bacteria,
insects, animals, etc., that can cause adverse
health impacts.
For example, mold, blood and other bodily
harmful plants, sewage, dust and vermin.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
9. COMMON HAZARDS
5. Psychosocial Hazard – include those that can
have an adverse effect on a person’s mental
health or wellbeing.
For example, sexual harassment, victimization,
stress and workplace violence.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
11. WHAT IS RISK?
Risk is the chance or probability that a
person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard. It may also apply to situations
property or equipment loss, or harmful
effects on the environment.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
12. 1. Hazard identification
Identify hazards and risk factors that have the
potential to cause harm.
WHAT IS A RISK ASSESSMENT?
2. Risk analysis and evaluation
Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with
that hazard.
3. Risk control
Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the
hazard, or control the risk when the hazard
cannot be eliminated
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
13. STRATEGIES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AND RISKS
1. OBSERVATION – observe your workplace
2. RECORDS – look into the past records of work-related injuries and find the causes
3. INTERVIEW – interview people on the workplace
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
14. Factors that contribute to the level or risk a hazards present
include:
1. PEOPLE - The actions people take, or do not take, can create hazards in the workplace.
Knowledge and training in appropriate procedures are critical to avoid unsafe work
practices. Administration, leadership, and supervision help ensure workers follow
and safe practices.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
2. EQUIPMENT - The tools and machines people use and work near can be hazardous. Look
for unsafe or unhealthy conditions such as:
• inadequate guarding or barriers
• defective tools and equipment, incorrect tools and equipment for the job
• inadequate warning systems
• inadequate electrical wiring and appliances
15. Factors that contribute to the level or risk a hazards present
include:
3. MATERIALS - The improper handling and wrong type of raw materials, products, and
hazardous chemicals can result in explosion, fires, and exposure to toxic chemicals and
physical agents.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
4. ENVIRONMENT - Some hazards are created by the work environment:
• extreme weather conditions and temperatures
• conditions of surfaces where people walk
• over-crowding and inadequate ventilation
• inadequate lighting and loud noise
• inadequate storage areas
• poor housekeeping
16. Factors that contribute to the level or risk a hazards present
include:
5. PROCESS - The production process involves the flow of work and includes design,
organization, people, pace, and type of work. The process may create byproducts such as
heat, noise, dust, vapors, fumes, and scrap materials.
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS,
RISKS, AND CONTROL
17. OHS PROTOCOL
CONTINGENCY MEASURES AND PROCEDURES
A contingency plan is a written emergency plan. It is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it
can be also used as an alternative for action if expected results is failed. It includes the following:
1. Emergency procedures in response to disasters.
2. Arrangement between local police, hospital & other concerned agencies.
3. List of those who can help respond to the emergency.
4. Updated list of facilities and equipment in the building.
5. Evacuation plan. (Evacuation is the immediate movement of people away from the hazard
scene.)
18. OHS PROTOCOL
Sample template of contingency plan
Scenario Probability Preparation Response
Tools/Material
shortage
Medium-High Maintaining the
stock of materials;
Weekly
conducting of
inventory
Immediately call
the suppliers
19. OHS INDICATORS
OHS SIGNS OR SYMBOLS IN THE WORKPLACE
Sign Colors:
1. Red – reflects immediate hazardous situations that will cause
death or other serious injuries and indicated by danger signs.
2. Orange – represents a potentially unsafe situation that could
cause serious injury and indicated by warning signs.
3. Yellow – used to alert against unsafe practices, which if not
avoided, may results in minor or moderate injuries and
indicated by caution signs.
4. Blue – used to convey safety information.
5. Green – indicates the emergency egress location, first aids and
other safety equipment.
