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Mechanical layers of the earth
- 2. DistinctLayers Compositional Layers MechanicalLayers Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core
- 4. Crust 2 types of Crust: Continental CrustOceanic Crust 90 km. thick (12~56 miles) • Density of 2.7 g/cm³ = it is made up of all rock types 10 km. thick (3~6 miles) • Density of 3g/cm³ = it is made of more dense rocks Ocean Land
- 5. Mantle Convection Currents Upper Mantle Middle Mantle Lower Mantle 2,885 km. thick (1,800 miles) • Density of 3.5g/cm³ to 5.5g/cm³ 70% = The hot material (magma) in the mantle rises to the top of the mantle, cools, then sinks, reheats, and rises again. These convection currents cause changes in the Earth’s surface
- 6. CORE Core • Made mostly of iron • Liquid – Outer core • Solid – Inner Core • 1/3 of the earth’s mass • Very hot. • Outer boundary of the core is a depth of 2,900 km. Two parts Outer Core Inner Core
- 8. Lithosphere Inner Core Solid Outer Core Liquid Lithosphere – Crust and Upper Layer of the Mantle Mantle Crust • It is rigid • This layer extends down from the surface about 100- 150km.
- 9. Lithosphere The lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into separate plates which move very slowly in response to the “convecting” part of the mantle.
- 10. Asthenosphere Inner Core Solid Outer Core Liquid Crust Mantle Layer of the Mantle (asthenosphere) that consists of hot rock of tar-like consistency, which slowly moves
- 11. Asthenosphere
- 12. Mesosphere • The solid part of the earth’s mantle lying between the asthenosphere and the core. • It is made of magma (hot, pressurized molten rock) • Density between 3.4 and 4.3g/cm³ Lower Mantle
- 13. Outer Core Outer Core 2,255 km. thick (1,400 miles) • Composed of melted metals nickel and iron. • Molten (liquid) metal that is about 4,700°C (8,500°F) = Earth’s magnetism is created because the outer core moves around the inner core.
- 14. Inner Core Inner Core 1,220 km. thick (758 miles) • Solid sphere composed mostly of iron. • It is believed to be as hot as 6,650°C (12,000°F) • It is solid because of the pressure from the outer core, mantle, and crust compressing it tremendously
- 15. Thank You for listening
Notes de l'éditeur
- The outermost compositional unit is the crust. While the core and the mantle have nearly constant thicknesses, the thickness of the crust is different in different places. The oceanic crust is basalt while the continental crust has a granitic composition. Continental Crust is 90 km. thick and has a density of 2.7 g/cm³. It is made of all rock types. In general, it is where you find less dense materials. More pores or spaces in the rocks further decrease density. Oceanic Crust is 10 km. thick and has a density of 3 g/cm³. It is made of more dense rocks. Smaller pores or spaces means higher density.
- Mantle is about 2,885 km. thick (1,800 miles) and it has a density of 3.5g/cm³ to 5.5g/cm³. It is the thickest layer of the earth making up 70% of the Earth mass. The thick shell of the dense, rocky matter that surrounds the core is called the mantle. The mantle consists of iron-magnesium-silicates and it is less dense than the core but denser than the outermost compositional layer, which also consists of rocky matter.
- The core is made up of iron alloy (iron mixed with small amounts of other elements). The core has 2 parts: Outer Core and Inner Core At the centre is the densest of the three layers, the core. It is mostly metallic iron with small amounts of nickel and other elements. The outer boundary of core is at a depth of 2,900 kilometres.
- The upper most layer is called the Lithosphere. It is rigid, meaning it can bend slightly but not flow at all.
- The asthenosphere (“weak sphere”) is a soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move. It is made of solid rock that, like putty, flows very slowly—at about the same rate your fingernails grow.
- The mesosphere is 1,800 miles below the earth’s surface The two other name for mesosphere is lower mantle and middle sphere
- Outer core is liquid because temperature is so high that not even the high pressure can force it to become solid. The swirling convective flow in the outer core creates earth’s magnetic field. It is the second last layer of the earth. It is a magma like liquid layer that surrounds the Inner Core and creates Earth's magnetic field. The Inner Core is so hot it causes all the metal in the Outer Core to melt into liquid magma. Composition
- The Inner Core is the final layer of the Earth. It is a solid ball made of metal. It is also the hottest. In inner core, even though it is hotter than the outer core, the pressure is so high that the atoms get forced together to make a solid. The Inner core actually spins slightly faster than the rest of the planet due to the force of earth’s magnetic field.