The document discusses various properties of concrete including workability, strength, elasticity, shrinkage, creep, and durability. It also describes different types of concrete such as reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, ferrocement, lightweight concrete, shotcrete, and polymer concrete. Various admixtures and additives that can be used to modify the properties and performance of concrete are also mentioned.

3. Properties of concrete
Workability
Segregation
Bleeding
 Strength
 Elasticity
 Shrinkage
 Creep
 Durability

4. Workability
Easily mixed, handled, transported, placed in
position and compacted
Segregation
Separation of constituent materials of concrete
Creates larger voids and reduces the durability
and strength
Bleeding
Water from concrete comes out of the surface
Produces pores in concrete and reduces strength.

5. Strength
Compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural
strength

7. Flexural testing

8. Elasticity
Concrete not an elastic material
Stress in concrete a strains in initial stages
Influenced by elastic properties of aggregate,
mix proportion, age of concrete, type of
cement

9. Shrinkage
Change in volume of concrete due to loss of
moisture at different stages
Affects strength and durability
Leads to the formation of cracks
Depends on constituents of concrete, size of
member, amount of water present in concrete
and environmental conditions

10. Creep
Gradual increase in strain without increase in
stress, with time
Depends on stress in concrete, age at loading and
duration of loading

11. Durability
Ability to resist weathering action, chemical
attack, abrasion or any other process of
deterioraton
Factors affecting are environment, cover to
embedded steel, type and quality of constituent
materials, cement content and water cement
ratio, workmanship to obtain full compaction,
efficient curing and shape and size of member

12. Types of concrete
Reinforced cement concrete
Fibre reinforced concrete
Ferrocement
Light weight concrete
Ready-mixed concrete
Shotcrete
Polymer concrete

13. Fibre reinforced concrete
Fibres- natural materials like asbestos and
cellulose, or manufactured products such as
glass, steel carbon and polymer
Road pavements, industrial flooring, bridge
decks, canal linings, explosive resistant
structures etc.

14. Ferrocement
Closely spaced, multiple layers of mesh or fine
rods completely surrounded by cement mortar.
Casting overhead water tanks, gober gas plants,
boat building, manhole covers, roofing units,
pressure pipes etc.

17. Light weight concrete
Density lower than ordinary concrete
Light weight aggregates or introducing gas or air
bubbles
long span bridges, fire protection for steel work
in tall buildings, filling for floor and roof slab

18. Shotcrete
Shotcrete is a process where concrete is
projected or "shot" under pressure using a
feeder or "gun" onto a surface to form
structural shapes including walls, floors, and
roofs.
Shotcrete has high strength, durability, low
permeability, excellent bond and limitless
shape possibilities.

21. • Polymer concrete is part of group of concretes
that use polymers to supplement or replace
cement as a binder. The types include polymer-
impregnated concrete, polymer concrete, and
polymer-Portland-cement concrete.

22. Ready-mixed concrete

23. Advantages of cement concrete
Readily moulded
High compressive strength
Free from corrosion
Hardens with age
Resists abrasion
Impermeable
Provides good bond
Control properties of concrete

24. Advantages of cement concrete
Mechanise completely its preparation
Adequate plasticity for mechanical working
More economical than steel
Compatible with other materials like steel
Disadvantages
Low tensile strength
Self weight high
Not suitable for speedy construction-curing

25. Admixtures and additives
Accelators
Admixtures which accelerate hardening/ development
of early strength.
Sodium carbonate,aluminiium chloride, potassium
carbonate, sodium aluminate etc
Set retarders
Admixtures which delay the setting of concrete
Common sugar, carbohydrate derivative

26. Water reducers(plasticizers)
To achieve higher strength by decreasing water
cement ratio
To achieve same workability by decreasing
cement content
To increase the workability