1. India Infrastructure Report 2011
Water: Policy and Performance for
Sustainable Development.
2012 E11 Karthik Madhavan MBA, Batch of 2012-2014
Symbiosis Centre for Management
& Human Resource Development

2. To present the existing water policies and its issues and
how we can improve the same for a sustainable
development.
Objective
Overview Water in Cities
Macro Reforms
Irrigation Industrial Water Demand
Rainwater Harvesting Pollution
Transforming Water Recycling and Reuse
Utilities Sector Reforms
PPP
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3. Overview
Strategic vision :
Water
•Water Resource Planning and Consumers
Development
•Empowerment of Local Institutions and
Citizens Agriculture Industry Domestic
•A Sound Legal Framework 85% 9% 6%
•Better management of Water Resources
Practical Options: Some facts:
• Water use efficiency • Consumers
• Changes in cropping patterns • Total utilizable water - 1,122 bcm.
• Better irrigation techniques • National Water Policy 1987, 2002.
• Water-saving innovations (SRI)
• River Basins..
• Improving the productivity of ‘rain-
fed’ agriculture • Water Gap in India by 2030.
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4. Macroeconomics
Sources of Water
•River Basins, Dams.
•Rainfall – [ Rajasthan 100mm, Cherrapunji – 11000mm]
Challenges
•Floods and Droughts
•Water Quality
•Boundary Issues
•Groundwater Development
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5. 5

6. Groundwater
Irrigation
Canal
Increasing effective
Water logging and salinity irrigation area
Displacement, rehabilitation Per capita dam storage
needs to be enhanced
Inter- sectorial competition
Inter-basin transfer of
Ground water depletion
surplus water
Under utilization of ground
PPP for distribution
water resources
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7. Rainwater Harvesting
Importance :-
Recharges groundwater table.
Increases the supply of water
Positive impact on the cropping patterns
Hours of irrigation from the wells increased by 32%
Rise in water table depth by 6-7m.
Increases net revenues
Useful in semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions
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8. Transforming Water Utilities
Operational efficiency:- Institutional efficiency
•Using improved •A mandatory water act
performance as an •Amend municipal acts
instrument to increase •Corporatization of service
user charges delivery
•Focus on performance •Appropriate
improvement communication strategies
•Recruitment
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9. • Existing assets.
• Land
• On time
Investment by • Right over assets
Private Sector • Freedom to sub-contract
requires :- • Latest ULB database
Risks:-
Capital Risk
Revenue Risk
O&M Risks Why private companies
Performance Guarantee don’t want to participate?
On the job risks. 9

10. How to attract Private Capital in irrigation?
• Viability Gap Fund (VGF)
• Deferred payment structure
• Annuity models
• Creation of a Corpus Fund
Key Issues:-
Capital
Returns Areas of Private Sector
Low revenues Participation:
Land acquisition
Construction and O&M
Rehabilitation
Remodelling and renovating
Resettlement Development of tourism and pisciculture.
Trained manpower. Distribution
Excess water. Technologies and Marketing
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11. Water in Cities
Shortcomings: Strategies
• Unreliable supply. • Shorter Management
• Chronic under-investment. Contracts based on pilot
zones.
• Legal and administrative
barriers. • JNNURM projects should
be extra-traditional.
• High cost of connections.
• Better link between city
• Inefficiency of existing
governance, urban spaces
subsidies.
and water services
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12. Industrial Water Demand
Very high use :- Water availability increased by:-
Maximizing retention, eliminating
Obsolete process technology pollution and minimizing losses.
Poor recycling and reuse Conservation consciousness should
practices be promoted through
Poor wastewater treatment. Education, regulation, incentives.
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13. Pollution
Causes of contamination:
• Discharge of wastewater
• No adequate water flow for dilution.
• Household borne effluents
• No standardization Abatement :-
• Agricultural run-offs
Effects of Water Pollution
• Marketable benefits
• Lack of water, sanitation, and
hygiene. • Non-marketable
• India loses 90 million days a year due
to water borne diseases. benefits
• Production losses and treatment
costs worth Rs. 6 billion
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14. 14

15. Types of Wastewater:
• After domestic & public uses
• Industrial Waste Water
• Saline agricultural drainage water
Recycling and Reuse
• Brackish ground water
• Sea water in coastal regions
If we do not recycle and reuse…
Government should include
• Poor Water Availability
• Increasing Cost for Water Supply Poor
greywater treatment and
Economic Performance of ULBs reuse as an integral part of
• Interstate Disputes on Resource water reuse programmes in
Allocation
• Unsustainable Growth ministries.
•Recharging aquifers and augmenting surface
Indirect water reservoirs with reused water.
reuse
•(for non-potable purposes) - garden
irrigation, toilet flushing, home air
Direct reuse conditioning, car washing, agricultural irrigation.
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16. Sector Reforms
Centralization of governance of the water sector
National water policy
Attempt to develop constitutional basis for nationalization of water resources
State level centralization of water governance
Inequitable water distribution
Priority of water allocation
For equitable water distribution
From ‘affordability’ to ‘cost recovery’
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17. Thank You!
1. Better Irrigation
2. Rainwater Harvesting
3. Implementation of PPP, ease of regulations
4. Control Water Pollution!
5. Reuse grey water
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