3. What is an Ar>fact/Ar>fact Model?
• Ar#fact:
– Documents (intermediate) results of development process steps
– Has structure, contents, and a representa>on
– Has means as an out- and input, subject to version control
– Examples: documents, data objects, and models
• Ar#fact model: All artefacts that are relevant throughout the
development process plus their dependencies
• Careful:
– In literature there exists a plethora of defini>ons and terms that are
used synonymously (Artefact contents are represented in the form
of: meta models, ontologies, product models, ...)
– Artefact models can be structured and represented differently!
3
4. Frameworks: Ar>fact model (views)
Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 4
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
Content
Structure
Representa#on
Artifacts (Materialisation)
§ Packets / Document
hierarchies
§ Diagrams / Models
§ Natural language text
§ …
§ Documents
§ Data models
§ Concept
models
§ Ontologies
§ Checklists
§ …
5. Example for Structure
and Content Model
5
!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
Content ModelStructure Model
Referencemodel
(M1)
Projectinstance
(M0)
* Mendez, Kuhrmann: Artefact-based RE and its Integration into
a Process Framework, Technical Report, 2009
6. Structure and content allow for
flexibility and precision
6
§ Packets / Document
hierarchy
§ “Content Items”
structure content
§ Modeling
concepts
§ Ontologies
§ Checklists
§ …
Structure Model
• Outline
• Dependencies
• Basis for adapta>on
Content Model
§ Required type of informa>on
§ Modeling concepts / contents
à Conscious handling of content
and depedencies
Structure
Content
7. Background: 10 years of research
coopera>ons
Dissemination
Artefact-based Software Process Models
Artefact-based
Requirements
Engineering
V-Modell XT
Organisation-specific adaptations
2004
RE
Reference Model
(REM)
2006
REMsES
for embedded
systems
BISA for
business inf.
systems
Generalisation
& Synthesis
2009
Generic
RE Content
Model for teaching
2011
Process Integration
Empirical Studies
Siemens
case study
2010
Capgemini TS
pilot studies
2012
Capgemini TS
company
standard
Meta model for
artefact orientation
ARAMiS
RE model
Cassidian & BMW
case study
AMDIRE
Harmonisation
Lufthansa
case study
Wacker Chemie
RE reference model
Daimler Powertrain
reference model
2012 2013
RE field study
Consolidation
9. Component Model
Behaviour Model
Usage
Model
Business Processes
Functional
Hierarchy
Component 1
Port 1 SM1.
2
SM1.
4
SM1.
3
Context
Requirements
System
F1
... ...
...... ...
Modes
Modes
Modes
... ... ...
User System
States
Component ...
External
SystemsStake
holder
Use abstrac>on
layers
• Structuring of
contents using
System Model:
views onto system
– Context
– Interface
– Behavior
– Components
9
11. AMDiRE Overview
11
Artefact-based RE Approach for Business Information Systems (Basic Components)
Structure
Model
Content
Model
Role Model
Process Model/Milestones
Artefact Abstraction Model
Tool SupportCustomisation
Approach
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
MetaModelREReferenceModel
Structure Content
Project-specific
Exemplars
instanceofinstanceof
!
PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME
Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20
Content
1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6!
1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6!
1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7!
1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8!
2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8!
2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8!
2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8!
2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8!
2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10!
2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10!
2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10!
3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11!
3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11!
3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11!
3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12!
3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12!
3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14!
3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16!
3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16!
3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17!
3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17!
4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18!
4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18!
4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18!
5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19!
5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19!
5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19!
5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19!
6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20!
7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20!
Travel Ordering System
Requirements Specification
Version: 0.1
Project Name <Name>
Project Lead <Name>
Responsible <Name>
Created on <Date>
Last changed
X In process
Submitted
State
Completed
Document File
V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension
illustrative
Organisational Level
Process Integration
Project Level
Static Tailoring
Dynamic Tailoring
...
Project Scope
defined
System Specification
accepted
...
Business Analyst
...
Requirements
Engineer
Project Scope
Domain Model
Context
Layer
System Vision
Architecture Overview
...
Usage Model ...
Function Model ...
Requirements
Layer
System Layer
Artefact Model
12. AMDiRE
Ar>fact model
• 3 Artefacts
– Context Specifica>on
– Requirements Specifica>on
– System Specifica>on
• Content Model contains:
– Problem space and solu>on space
as well as interdependencies
• Problem space: Context and
Requirements Specifica>on
• Solu>on space: System Specifica>on
– Domain specific as well as domain
independent content
12
13. Frameworks:
AMDiRE
Ar>fact
Model
Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 13
• Content model
• With concepts
• Plus structure
• Abstrac>on layers
• Common system
model behind
Context Layer
System Layer
Requirements Layer
Stakeholder Model Objectives
& Goals
Constraints
& Rules
!
!
!
!
!
Data Model
E
A
A
A
E
System Vision
Functional
Hierarchy
Architecture Overview
System
Function Model
Fun 1
Fun 2
Component Model
C C
Data Model
E
A
A
A
E
Behaviour Model
Business Case
Deployment Requirements
System Constraints
Domain Model
Service ModelUsage Model
Quality Requirements
Risk List
Project Scope
Process Requirements
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary