2. Knowledge
Area
Process
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring &
Control
Closing
Time
Activity Definition
Activity Sequencing
Activity Resource Estimating
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development
Schedule Control
Enter phase/
Start project
Exit phase/
End project
Initiating
Processes
Closing
Processes
Planning
Processes
Executing
Processes
Monitoring &
Controlling Processes
Project Time Management
3. Types of Estimating
1-Bottom up estimating
-the work within the activity is
decomposed into more detail.
-The resource needs are
estimated. These estimates are
then aggregated into a total
quantity for each of the activity’s
resources
4. 2 Analogous Estimating
Analogous estimating is most
reliable when the previous
activities are similar in fact and
not just in appearance, and the
project team members preparing
the estimates have the needed
expertise
-Analogous estimating is generally
less costly and time consuming
than other techniques, but it is
also generally less accurate
5. Parametric Estimating
Parametric estimating
uses a statistical
relationship between
historical data and other
variables
(e.g., square footage in
construction) to calculate
an estimate for activity
parameters, such as cost,
budget, and duration.
6. Three-Point Estimates
Most likely (tM).
The duration of the activity,
given the resources likely to be
assigned
Optimistic (tO).
The activity duration in the
best-case scenario
Pessimistic (tP).
The activity duration in the
worste-case scenario
tE = (tO + 4tM + tP)/6
Expected (tE)
7. Estimate Activity Resources
• Process of estimating the type and quantities of material, people,
equipment or supplies required to perform each activity.
Inputs
1. Activity list
2. Activity attributes
3. Resource Calendars
4. Enterprise
environmental factors
5. Organizational process
assets
Tools &
Techniques
1. Expert judgment
2. Alternatives analysis
3. Published estimating
data
4. Bottom-up estimating
5. Project management
software
Outputs
1. Activity resource
requirements
2. Resource breakdown
structure
3. Project document
updates
8. 3 Resource Calendars
-Information on which resources
are potentially available
-The composite resource
calendar includes the
availability, capabilities , and
skills of human resources
9. Alternatives Analysis
-Many schedule
activities have
alternative methods of
accomplishment.
-They include using
various
levels of resource
capability or skills,
different size or type
of machines, different
tools (hand versus
10. Published Estimating Data
Several companies routinely
publish updated production
rates and unit costs of
resources for an extensive
array of labor trades, material,
and equipment for different
countries and geographical
locations within countries.
11. Activity Resource Requirements
requirements documentation for each activity can
include the basis of estimate for each resource, as
well as the assumptions that were made in
determining which types of resources are applied,
their availability, and what quantities are used.
12. Project Title: Date Prepared:
WBS
ID
Type of Resource Quantity Comments
From
WBS.
People, equipment,
material, supplies, locations,
or other.
Amount
needed.
Include special grade,
competency, certification,
licensure, or other relevant
information as needed.
Assumptions:
Activity Resource Requirements
14. Resource breakdown structure
Project title : Date prepared :
1.People
1.Quantity of Role 1
1.Quantity of Level 1
2.Quantity of Level 2
3.Quantity of Level 3
2.Quantity of Role 2
2.Equipment
1.Quantity of Type 1
2.Quantity of Type 2
3.Materials
1.Quantity of Material 1
1.Quantity of Grade 1
2.Quantity of Grade 2
16. • Estimate Activity Durations
• Process of approximating the number of work periods to complete
individual activities with estimated resources.
Inputs
1. Activity list
2. Activity attributes
3. Activity resource
requirements
4. Resource Calendars
5. Project scope statement
6. Enterprise
environmental factors
7. Organizational process
assets
Tools &
Techniques
1. Expert judgment
2. Analogous estimating
3. Parametric estimating
4. Three-point estimates
5. Reserve analysis
Outputs
1. Activity duration
estimates
2. Project document
updates
17. Reserve Analysis
Duration estimates may include
contingency reserves, into the
overall project schedule to
account for schedule uncertainty.
The contingency reserve may be a
percentage of the estimated
activity duration, a fixed number
of work periods
18. Activity Duration Estimates
•Activity duration estimates are quantitative assessments of the
likely number of work periods that will be required to complete
an activity
•2 weeks ± 2 days to indicate that the activity will take at least
eight days and no more than twelve (assuming a five-day
workweek).
• 15% probability of exceeding three weeks to indicate a high
probability—85% percent—that the activity will take three
weeks or less.
19. ACTIVITY DURATION ESTIMATES
WBS ID Activity Effort Hours
Duration
Estimate
From WBS Activity name from activity list 10 weeks
21. 1-Analogues estimating is a tool technique used
in both Time and Cost management process.
What is the best description of how analog
A. by-buttom-up estimating techniques.
B. obtaining management option’s of the
estimate of each task.
C. by-top-down estimating techniques.
D. based on experts estimates.
22. 2-Which of the following estimates type is most
accurate
• A- analogous estimates
• B- parametric estimates
• C- bottom up estimates
• D- 3 Point estimates
23. 3- Analogues estimating is most accurate when:
A. previous projects are similar in fact not just
appearance.
B. there is a relationship between the Time being
estimated and known parameter.
C. the historical information used to develop the
model is accurate.
D. work items are very small
24. 4-How is three point estimating related to risk?
A-it tells you how much assumptions testing is
required
B- it indicates whether the risk estimate is
acceptable
C- it indicates the estimate degree of uncertainty
D- it indicates the risk variance
25. 5- activity (A) the optimistic estimate of activity (A)
is 5 days , most likely estimate 6 Days and
pessimistic estimate is 13 what is the Expected
time?
A-5
B-7
C-6
D-8
