2. Knowledge
Area
Process
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring &
Control
Closing
Time
Activity Definition
Activity Sequencing
Activity Resource Estimating
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development
Schedule Control
Enter phase/
Start project
Exit phase/
End project
Initiating
Processes
Closing
Processes
Planning
Processes
Executing
Processes
Monitoring &
Controlling Processes
Project Time Management
3. Critical Path
• Critical Path is the longest duration path
• Identify the shortest time needed to complete a project
• There can be more than one critical path
• Float (Slack)
– Total float: the amount of time an activity can be
delayed without delaying the project end date or
intermediary milestone.
– Free float: the amount of time an activity can be
delayed without delaying the early start date of its
successor(s).
4. Critical Chain Method
The longest duration path through the project considering both activity
dependencies and resource constraints.
Type of buffers
Project buffer
Feeding buffer
Resource buffer
5. To keep resource usage at a
constant level. Resource leveling is
necessary when resources have
been over-allocated , such as
when a resource has been
assigned to two or more activities
during the same time period
Resource Leveling
6. What-if Scenario Analysis
Analysis on effect of
changes on a particular
thing (assumption) on
the project which make
activity duration change.
Monte Carlo Simulation
Used when there is
possibility that the
critical path will be
different for a given set
of project conditions.
Using computer software
7. • Schedule Compression :
• 1- crashing
• additional resources will add to shorten the
duration (increase cost)
• 2- fast tracking :
• activities normally performed in sequence are performed
in parallel
• (increase risk )
• E.g. Design is half finished and start coding.
8. Schedule Network Analysis
Schedule network analysis is a
technique that generates the
project schedule. It employs
various analytical techniques,
such as critical path method,
critical chain method, what-if
analysis, and resource leveling to
calculate the early and late start
and finish dates for the
uncompleted portions of project
activities.
11. Bar charts
- show activity start and end dates ,as well as
expected durations
- easy to read, and are frequently used in
management presentations
12. Network Diagramming
التالية االنشطة من مكون مشروع لدينا
النشاط اسم النشاط وصف الموارد احتياجات االصلية المدة
المنطقى النشاط
السابق
Start 0 -------------
A 2 Start
D 6 Start
B 12 A
C 5 B & D
E 7 D
F 3 E
Finish 0 C & F
13. Start
Finish
A B C
D E F
2 Days 12 Days 5 Days
6 Days 7 Days 3 Days
Network Diagramming Analysis
14. Start Finish
A B C
D E F
2 Days 12 Days 5 Days
6 Days 7 Days 3 Days
0
0
0
0 2 2 14 14 19
6 6 13 13 16
19 19
Highest of predecessor’s
Early Finish Times
Early Start =
Critical Path Method (PDM), Forward Pass
15. Start Finish
A B C
D E F
2 Days 12 Days 5 Days
6 Days 7 Days 3 Days
0
0
0
0 2 2 14 14 19
6 6 13 13 16
19 19
Lowest of successor’s Late Start Times
Late Finish =
2 14
19
16
14 19
19
19
0 0
0 2
3 9 9 16
Critical Path Method (PDM), Backward Pass
16. Start
Finish
A B C
D E F
2 Days 12 Days 5 Days
6 Days 7 Days 3 Days
المشروع تنفيذ من االنتهاء موعد تأخير دون المهمة تتاخرة ان يمكن الذى الوقت مقدار.
0
0
0
0 2 2 14 14 19
6 6 13 13 16
19 19
2 14
19
16
14 19
19
19
0 0
0 2
3 9 9 16
(0)
(0)
(0)
(3)(3)(3)
(0)
Float
17. Control Schedule
Process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements,
and schedule constraints to create the project schedule.
Inputs
1. Project Management
Plan
2. Project Schedule
3. Work performance
information
4. Organizational process
assets
Tools &
Techniques
1. Performance reviews
2. Variance Analysis
3. Project Management
Software
4. Resource leveling
5. What-if scenario
analysis
6. Adjusting leads & lags
7. Schedule compression
8. Schedule tooling
Outputs
1. Work performance
measurements
2. Organizational process
assets updates
3. Change requests
4. Project management
plan updates
5. Project document
updates
18. 1 Performance Reviews
measure, compare, and analyze
schedule performance such as
actual start and finish dates,
percent complete, and
remaining duration for work in
progress.
19. Network Diagramming
التالية االنشطة من مكون مشروع لدينا
النشاط اسم النشاط وصف الموارد احتياجات االصلية المدة
المنطقى النشاط
السابق
Start 0 -------------
A 4 Start
D 6 Start
F 7 D&A
E 8 D
G 5 F&E
B 5 F
H 7 G
c 8 H
Finish 0 C & B
21. 1-fast tracking the project usually :
A-decreases project costs
B- decreases Project duration
C- decreases the amount of management oversight
needed
D-decrease the number of resources used
22. 2- free float is the amount of time an activity can
be delayed without delaying the
A- Project
B- completion date required by the customer
C-early start of its successor
D- project completion date
23. 3-What-if scenario analysis is done as a part of which
process:
A-Sequence Activities
B-Define Activities
C-Control Schedule
D-Estimate resource
24. 4- To crash a schedule you should:
A-Increase the time allowed on those tasks that have
float.
B-Try to increase expenditures of time only those
tasks that are behind schedule.
C-Replace those worker that are not performing up to
par with the busy.
D-Increase work efforts on those tasks that are
on the critical path
25. 5-Resource leveling attempts to :
A-Reduce resource requirements by smoothing out period-
to period resource assignments.
B-Ensure that the budget abnormalities are overcome.
C-Reduce the amount of resources so that they can be
shared with on other endeavors.
D-Increase the amount of the project manager's
authority so that budget dollars can be appropriated
26. 6-You are the project manager for the large
Project. You have identified and documented
relationship among the project activities and
created project schedule network diagram.
What is your NEXT step ?
A. Define Activities
B. Sequence Activities
C. Develop Schedule
D. Control Schedule
27. 7- you are a project manager for a new Product development
Project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure and
has been sequenced using the precedence diagramming method
the activity duration estimates have been received . What time
management activity would you do NEXT?
A-schedule compression
B- collect historical records from previous projects
C- create an activity list
D- update the work breakdown structure
28. 8- as project process is tracked according to the Project
Management plan the project manager discovers that
final deliverables will be completed two months after
the deliverable dates imposed by management
What should the project manager do?
A- look for options with stakeholders using some combination of
scaling back work , re evaluating discretionary dependencies,
and adding resources
B- evaluate the impact on the company of completing this
project late
C- drive the project team to work faster to make up for lost time
D- recalculate the project schedule and distribute it according to
the communications management plan
29. 9-an activity has been delayed and the project
manager needs to deal with the situation. What
is the NEXT thing he should do ?
A-report to management
B-crash or fast track
C- determine how much of a problem it is
D-use contingency reserves
