16. ◦ Guidance is the help given by
one person to another in
making choices and
adjustments & in solving
problems, further it aims at
aiding the recipient to grow
in his independence &
ability to be responsible for
himself.
Arthur Jones, 1930
17. Two Contexts of Guidance:
~Carol H. Miller
1. Guidance is seen as a
process.
2. Guidance is part of the
organizational program.
18. Stated what “Guidance is Not”
-Lester Crow & Alice Crow
◦ Not giving direction
◦ Not imposing one’s point of
view upon another person.
◦ Not making decision for the
person seeking assistance.
◦ Not carrying the burden of
another life.
20. Counseling
◦ is essentially a process in which the counselor
assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts
relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he
needs to make.
- Glenn F. Smith
21. Counseling
◦ is a series of direct
contacts with the
individual which
aims to offer him
assistance in
changing his attitude
& behaviors.
- Carl Rogers
22. Difference between guidance & counseling
GUIDANCE
◦ Guidance is broader &
comprehensive
◦ Guidance is more
external, helps a person
understand alternative
solutions available to
him & makes him
understand his
personality & choose the
right solution.
COUNSELING
◦ Counseling is in-depth &
narrow
◦ Counseling helps people
understand themselves &
is an inward analysis.
Alternative solutions are
proposed to help
understand the problem
at hand.
23. Difference between guidance & counseling
GUIDANCE
◦ Guidance is mainly
preventive &
developmental.
◦ Intellectual attitudes are
the raw material of
guidance
COUNSELING
◦ Counseling is remedial
as well as preventive &
developmental
◦ Emotional rather than
pure intellectual attitude
are raw material of the
counseling process.
24. Difference between guidance & counseling
GUIDANCE
◦ Decision making
operates at an
intellectual level.
◦ Guidance is generally
education & career
related & may also be for
personal problems
COUNSELING
◦ Counseling operates at
an emotional level.
◦ Counseling is mostly
offered for personal &
social issues.
25. In summary…
◦ Guidance & counseling are not synonymous term.
◦ Counseling is a part of guidance.
◦ Guidance, in educational context, means to indicate,
point out, show the way, lead out & direct.
◦ Counseling is a specialized service of guidance. It is
the process of helping individuals learn more about
themselves & their present & possible future
situations to make a substantial contribution to the
society.
40. Scope of Guidance & Counseling
personal
needs/problems
educational
needs/problems
physical, emotional,
social, moral &
marital problems
vocational,
occupational&
professional needs
career advancement
holistic individual
development
A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation.
a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning.
Guidance must take into account the all-round development of the individual when bringing about desirable adjustment in any particular area of his personality.
Guidance must take into account the all-round development of the individual when bringing about desirable adjustment in any particular area of his personality.
Guidance must take into account the all-round development of the individual when bringing about desirable adjustment in any particular area of his personality.
No individual can be forced into guidance. The consent and cooperation of the individual is a pre-requisite for providing guidance.
Guidance should be regarded as a continuous process of service to an individual in different stages of his life.
Guidance service should not be limited to a few persons, who give observable evidence of its need, but it should be extended to all persons of all ages, who can benefit from it directly or indirectly.
Curriculum materials and teaching procedures should be elaborated according to the view point of guidance.
While it is true that guidance touches every aspect of an individual’s life, it is chiefly concerned with an individual’s physical or mental health, with his adjustment at home, school, society and vocation.
The individual and his needs are of utmost significance. Recognition of individual freedom, worth, respect and dignity is the hallmark of guidance. Freedom to make a choice and take a decision needs to be respected and encouraged.
Specific and serious guidance problems should be referred to persons who are trained to deal with particular area of adjustment for their expert opinion.
The guidance programme should be evaluated in terms of its effectiveness and improvement. Evaluation is essential for the formulation of new goals or re-drafting the existing goals.
Parents and teachers have great responsibility in the execution of the work of guidance. The responsibility for guidance should be centred on a qualified and trained person, who is the head the guidance centre.
Periodic appraisal should be made of the existing guidance programme so that requisite changes, if any can be carried out for its improvement.