2. All About Dengue Fever
BY
DR.MUHAMMAD ASGHAR (Ph.D)
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (PP)
PEST WARNING & QUALITY CONTROL
OF PESTICIDES, LAHORE
muhammad-asghar@hotmail.com

3. Contents
1. What is dengue fever
2. Symptoms of dengue fever
3. World distribution of Dengue
4. Dengue outbreak in Asia and Pakistan
5. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito
6. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito
7. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases
8. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever
9. Treatment of dengue fever
10. Chemical Control of Vector of dengue fever

4. What is dengue fever?
Dengue Fever also known as break bone fever
is an illness caused by infection with a virus
(Flavivirus) transmitted by the mosquito
Aedes aegypti rarely the A.albopictus.

5. World Distribution of Dengue 1999
Areas infested with Aedes aegypti
Areas with Aedes aegypti and recent epidemic dengue

6. GLOBAL STATUS
New infections annually: 50 million
• Deaths: 24,000 annually
• People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
• Hospitalized cases: 500 000/year
(90% of those affected are children)
• Leads to death in 5% of cases.
•About half of the world lives in “HOT ZONE”

7. DENGUE OUT BREAK
IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN 2005
2005 Dengue Outbreak
Cases
Deaths
100,000
80,000
Cases
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
India, (West
Bengal)
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Pakistan
Cases
90,000
3,000
31,000
4,800
Deaths
15,000
0
58
50

8. DENGUE OUT BREAK IN PAKISTAN
(2006)
Dengue Fever In 2006
Cases
Deaths
3500
3000
2500
Cases
2000
1500
1000
500
0
India
Pakistan
Karachi
Lahore
Cases
3331
3230
1836
400
Deaths
49
50
30
4

9. 18 November 2008
•
•
•
•
Punjab -799 confirmed cases and two deaths
754 cases –Lahore
Ghulam Murtaza-from Sheikhupura
"first patient with dengue to have died in
Lahore".

10. Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Example of a skin rash due
to dengue fever

11. Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
fever
headaches
muscle and joint pains,
skin rash and
vomiting.
Low platelet count (<100,000/mm3)
“leaky capillaries:”

12. Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..

13. Characteristics of the
Aedes Mosquito
One distinct physical
feature – black and
white stripes on its
thorax and legs.
Bites during the day.
Lays its eggs in
clean, stagnant water.
Close-up of an Aedes mosquito

14. Characteristics of the
Aedes Mosquito
Only the female Aedes mosquito
feeds on blood. This is because
they need the protein found in
blood to produce eggs. Male
mosquitoes feed only on plant
nectar.
On average, a female Aedes
mosquito can lay about 300 eggs
during her life span of 14 to 21
days.

15. Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito
1-2 days
Larvae
Pupae
4-5 days
Eggs
2-3 days
Stagnant water

16. How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit
Diseases...
Mosquito bites and sucks
blood containing the virus
from an infected person.
And passes the virus
to healthy people
when it bites them.
Virus is carried in its
body.

17. Potential Breeding Grounds

18. Potential Breeding Grounds

19. Prevention…

20. Prevent Aedes from Breeding!
Remove ALL sources of
stagnant water.
Deny the Aedes mosquito of any
chance to breed.
Personal prevention involves the use of mosquito nets,
repellents, cover exposed skin, use of DEET-impregnated
bednets, and avoiding endemic areas.

21. Preventive measures

22. Preventive measures
Change water in vases on alternate days.
Cover all the toilet bowls in the home.

23. Preventive measures
Remove water from flowerpot plates on
alternate days.

24. Preventive measures
Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
Seal off the overflow pipes of flushing cistern.

25. Preventive measures
Cover bamboo pole holders
when not in use.

26. Preventive measures
Clear blockages and put Bti insecticide in roof
gutters monthly.

27. Preventive measures
Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups
and bottles can collect rain water
and breed mosquitoes.

28. Preventive measures
Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups
and bottles can collect rain water
and breed mosquitoes.

29. Treatment
of
Dengue Fever

30. Dengue Vaccine?
• No licensed vaccine at present
• Effective, safe and affordable vaccine will not
be available in the immediate future

31. Dengue Treatment?
• Fluids
• Rest
• Antipyretics (avoid aspirin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs)
• Monitor blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet
count, level of consciousness.
• In case of severe bleeding, give fresh whole blood
20 ml/kg as a bolus.
• – Give platelet rich plasma transfusion
exceptionally when platelet counts are below
5,000–10,000/ mm3.

32. Chemical Control of
Vector of Dengue Fever

33. oThe main tactic used in fighting Dengue is
eradicating the mosquito.
oAdd some granular insecticide to places that
mosquitoes could potentially breed, such as flower
vases and places where stagnant water could not
be removed (try to remove all stagnant water.
Don’t let it lay its eggs).
oPublic spraying for mosquitoes is the most important
aspect of this approach.
oThe use of IGRs and Bacillus thuringiensis-14 (Bti)
as larvicides in addition to temephos (OP) and
pyrethroid insecticides also suggested.

34. Thanks to all the honourable
authors and websites from where
I have taken some material