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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fake antimalarials and public health
Recent Reports of Fake Antimalarials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Not faked ? * Artemether-lumefantrine * Atovaquone-proguanil * iv/im artesunate
Definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fake Cinchona Bark 17 th  C Europe Fake Quinine London 1829 Physicians chastising a drug seller 13 th  C Arabia
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CONSEQUENCES of FAKE DRUGS
Artesunate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fake artesunate in mainland SE Asia  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],There are ~ 2 x 10 6  cases of  P. falciparum  /year in WPRO - in ‘untreated’ non-immunes the excess mortality will be considerable
 
Genuine Hologram  Fake Artesunate ‘Type 8’
Genuine Hologram  Fake Artesunate ‘Type 10’
Traces of artesunate ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fake artesunate ‘wrong’ ingredients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An under appreciated Asian public health  disaster * Malaria remains a problem in SE Asia, but we have the tools for control * Counterfeit artesunate MUST be a major risk for death  and an impediment to malaria control  * Despite 6 years of awareness - situation deteriorating and little action despite severe danger to public health  * How many additional deaths - thousands ?
INTERPOL/WPRO Investigation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Debris, including  Juglans  pollen  charcoal fragments
Dermatophagoides  mite nymph
Valid batch numbers, stickers, multiple wrong AIs, calcite   Invalid batch numbers, holograms, subtherapeutic artesunate
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WANTED
Genuine Hologram  Fake Artesunate ‘Type 15’ Similar to Type 10 - found only in N Burma and N Laos (Westerly trade route)
 
Fake artemisinin derivatives in Africa
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What can be done ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What can be done  ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Acknowledgements The laboratories and their staff The Government of the People’s Republic of China Food and Drug Quality Control Centre & Food & Drug Department, Lao PDR Guilin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China The Natural History Museum, London and Wolfson College, Oxford, UK David Pizzanelli, Mayfong Mayxay, Bryan Watt, Arjen Dondorp, Frank Smithuis, François Nosten, Lucy Paiphun, Aung Pyae Phyo, Khin Mg Lwin, Rose McGready, Shunmay Yeung, Chongkham Phonekeo,   Christopher Curtis, Sue Lee, Nicholas Day, Nicholas White and anonymous collectors for their help and advice Funded by  Wellcome Trust  of Great Britain, the participating institutions and the  United States Agency for International Development through US Pharmacopeia
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Fake antimalarials and public health

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Fake Cinchona Bark 17 th C Europe Fake Quinine London 1829 Physicians chastising a drug seller 13 th C Arabia
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9. Genuine Hologram Fake Artesunate ‘Type 8’
  • 10. Genuine Hologram Fake Artesunate ‘Type 10’
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. An under appreciated Asian public health disaster * Malaria remains a problem in SE Asia, but we have the tools for control * Counterfeit artesunate MUST be a major risk for death and an impediment to malaria control * Despite 6 years of awareness - situation deteriorating and little action despite severe danger to public health * How many additional deaths - thousands ?
  • 14.
  • 15. Debris, including Juglans pollen charcoal fragments
  • 17. Valid batch numbers, stickers, multiple wrong AIs, calcite Invalid batch numbers, holograms, subtherapeutic artesunate
  • 18.
  • 19. Genuine Hologram Fake Artesunate ‘Type 15’ Similar to Type 10 - found only in N Burma and N Laos (Westerly trade route)
  • 20.  
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.  
  • 26. Acknowledgements The laboratories and their staff The Government of the People’s Republic of China Food and Drug Quality Control Centre & Food & Drug Department, Lao PDR Guilin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China The Natural History Museum, London and Wolfson College, Oxford, UK David Pizzanelli, Mayfong Mayxay, Bryan Watt, Arjen Dondorp, Frank Smithuis, François Nosten, Lucy Paiphun, Aung Pyae Phyo, Khin Mg Lwin, Rose McGready, Shunmay Yeung, Chongkham Phonekeo, Christopher Curtis, Sue Lee, Nicholas Day, Nicholas White and anonymous collectors for their help and advice Funded by Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, the participating institutions and the United States Agency for International Development through US Pharmacopeia
  • 27.