Presented at CSMR 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CSMR.2012.54

1. Feature Location for Multi-Layer System
Based on Formal Concept Analysis
Hiroshi Kazato†1
Shinpei Hayashi†2
Satoshi Okada†1
Shunsuke Miyata†1
Takashi Hoshino†1 †1 NTT Cyber Space Laboratories
Motoshi Saeki†2 †2 Tokyo Institute of Technology

2. Mo#va#on
• In
mul#-­‐layer
systems,
implementa#on
of
feature
is
o6en
sca8ered
across
the
applica#on
• Loca#ng
features
in
mul#-­‐layer
systems
(e.g.
web
applica#ons)
poses
a
new
challenge
[Marcus
2005]
[Dilshener
2011]
[Marcus 2005] Marcus et al.: “Static techniques for concept location in object-oriented code”, In Proc. of
IWPC 2005, pp.33-42, 2005.
[Dilshener 2011] Dilshener et al.: “Relating developers concepts and artefact vocabulary in a financial
software module”, In Proc. of ICSM 2011, pp. 412-417, 2011

3. Related
Work
• Semi-­‐automa#c
FL
based
on
formal
concept
analysis
of
execu#on
traces
[Eisenbarth
2003]
({u1,
u2,
u3,
u4,
u5,
u6,
u7},
ø)
Computa#onal
Unit
Features
(Methods
or
Func#ons)
({u2,
u4,
u5,
u7},
{s2})
({u1,
u4,
u6,
u7},
{s1})
({u3,
u5,
u6,
u7},
{s3})
f1
f2
f3
u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
u6
u7
s
✔
1
✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔
({u4,
u7},
{s1,
s2})
({u5,
u7},
{s2,
s3})
s
✔ ✔
2
✔
✔ ✔
✔
s
3 ✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
({u6,
u7},
{s1,
s3})
({u7},
{s1,
s2,
s3})
[Eisenbarth 2003] Eisenbarth et al. : Locating Features in Source Code, IEEE TSE, 29(3) 210-224, 2003.

4. Our
Goal
• Locate
collabora#on
which
realizes
features,
composed
of
various
kinds
of
program
element
in
a
mul#-­‐layer
system
E xis#ng
Pro posed
Feature
1
nique
Tech nique
Tech Page
1
Feature
1
Method
1
Method
1
Method
2
Method
2
Method
3
Method
3
…
Table
1
Concept
Concept
…
La^ce
La^ce

5. Overview
of
the
Proposed
Technique
• Conduct
dynamic
analysis
separately
for
each
layers
• Interrelate
observed
elements
by
FCA
Concept
S
L0
L1
L2
L3
La^ce
(Scenarios)
(Features)
Presenta#on
Applica#on
Data
f1
s1
f1
p11
p21
p31
Browse
/index.shtml
CatalogService.
PRODUCT
p21
Analyst
Category
init()
p11
p31
s2
p22
f2
p12
p22
p32
f3
p13
...
p23
p33
f2
...
p14
p24
p34
sl
p12
p23
p32
fm
...
...
...
Prepareing
Extrac#ng
Execu#on
Traces
of
FL
using
Formal
Applying
FCA
Scenarios
Each
Layer
Concepts

6. Example:
iBATIS
JPetStore
5.0
• Reference
applica#on
of
Java
EE
– e-­‐commerce
system
• Three
layers
– L1:
Presenta#on
– L2:
Applica#on
– L3:
Data

7. Usecases
of
JPetStore
362 CHAPTER 11 ARCHITECTURE OF THE SAMPLE APPLICATION
Search Catalog
Browse Categories
Browse Catalog
Browse Product Details
Browse Item Details
Update Shopping Cart
Sign On and Off
customer
Update Account
Update Personalization
<<include>> Send Purchase Order
Submit Order to Order Fulfillment Center
Singh et al.: “Designing Enterprise Applications with the J2EE Platform, Second Edition”, Prentice Hall, 2002, Figure 11.5
Figure 11.5 Use Cases between Customer and Web Site

8. Feature-­‐Scenario
Mapings
s1
s2
s3
s4
s5
s6
f1: Browse Catalog
✔
✔
✔
✔
f2: Search Catalog
✔
f3: Browse Categories
✔
✔
✔
f4: Browse Product Details
✔
✔
✔
✔
f5: Browse Item Details
✔
f6: Update Shopping Cart
✔
f7: Sign On and Off
✔
✔
✔
f8: Update Account
✔
f9: Update Personalization
✔
f10: Submit Order
✔

9. L1:
Presenta#on
Layer
• Observe
URL
of
web
pages
displayed
in
each
scenario
– from
the
headers
of
HTTP
requests
2011-12-16 00:13:49,174 DEBUG HttpRefererLogger -
http://localhost:8080/JPetStore-5.0/!
2011-12-16 00:13:53,722 DEBUG HttpRefererLogger -
http://localhost:8080/JPetStore-5.0/shop/index.shtml!
2011-12-16 00:13:59,375 DEBUG HttpRefererLogger -
http://localhost:8080/JPetStore-5.0/shop/
viewCategory.shtml?categoryId=FISH!

10. L2:
Applica#on
Layer
• Observe
Java
methods
executed
during
scenarios
...!
1329320179938,16,MethodEntry,1!
1329320179938,16,MethodEntry,33!
1329320179939,16,ClassLoad,
1529,"com.ibatis.jpetstore.persistence.DaoConfig"!
1329320179939,16,MethodInstrument,1529,150,
"com.ibatis.jpetstore.persistence.DaoConfig.<clinit>()"!
1329320179945,16,MethodInstrument,1529,151,
"com.ibatis.jpetstore.persistence.DaoConfig.getDaoManager()"!
1329320179950,16,MethodInstrument,1529,152,
"com.ibatis.jpetstore.persistence.DaoConfig.newDaoManager(java.util.Pro
perties)"!
1329320179954,16,MethodEntry,150!
1329320179954,16,MethodEntry,152!

11. L3:
Data
Layer
• Observe
database
tables
manipulated
during
scenarios
– from
SQL
statement
logs
2011-12-16 00:24:04,836 DEBUG Connection - {conn-100000} Connection!
2011-12-16 00:24:04,918 DEBUG PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001}
PreparedStatement: select PRODUCTID, NAME, DESCN as description, CATEGORY
as categoryId from PRODUCT WHERE lower(name) like ? OR lower(category)
like ? OR lower(descn) like ? !
2011-12-16 00:24:04,918 DEBUG PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001}
Parameters: [%koi%, %koi%, %koi%]!
2011-12-16 00:24:04,918 DEBUG PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Types:
[java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String]!
2011-12-16 00:24:04,944 DEBUG ResultSet - {rset-100002} ResultSet!
...

12. Formal
Context
• Merge
traces
for
all
scenarios
and
layers
L0:
Features
L1:
Presenta#on
L2:
Applica#on
L3:
Data
.setMessage(String)
viewproduct.shtml
SequenceSqlMapDao.
getNextId(String)
/index.shtml
AbstractBean
ACCOUNT
SIGNON
/shop/
f1
…
f10
…
…
…
s1
✔
…
✔
…
…
…
s2
✔
…
✔
…
✔
…
…
s3
✔
…
✔
✔
…
✔
✔
…
✔
✔
…
✔
s4
…
✔
…
…
✔
…
✔
s5
…
✔
…
…
✔
…
✔
s6
✔
…
✔
…
…
…

13. Loca#ng
Features
in
Formal
Concepts
c4 = ({s1}, {f3, ... })
c1
f3: Browse Categories!
!
/shop/viewCategory.shtml!
c12
c3 CatalogBean.getCategory()!
CatalogBean.setCategoryId(String)!
CatalogBean.viewCategory()!
c8
CatalogService.getCategory(String)!
Category.getName()!
Category.setCategoryId(String)!
Category.setDescription(String)!
c13 c5
c11 c9 Category.setName(String)!
CategorySqlMapDao.getCategory(Strin
@CATEGORY!
c14 c7 c6
c10
c2

14. Analyzing
the
Concept
La^ce
c12 = (ø, {f1, f4, ... }) [ 0 / 32 / 1 ]
c4 = ({s1}, {f3, ... }) [ 1 / 9 / 1 ]
f1: Browse Catalog! f3: Browse Categories!
f4: Browse Product Details!
!
c1
[
2
/
17
/
1
] !
/shop/viewCategory.shtml!
CatalogBean.getItemList()! CatalogBean.getCategory()!
CatalogBean.getProduct()! CatalogBean.setCategoryId(String)!
CatalogBean.getProductList()! c3
[
0
/
2
/
0
] CatalogBean.viewCategory()!
CatalogBean.setProductId(String)! CatalogService.getCategory(String)!
CatalogBean.viewProduct()! Category.getName()!
CatalogService.getItemListByProduct(String)! Category.setCategoryId(String)!
CatalogService.getProduct(String)! Category.setDescription(String)!
Item.getAttribute1()! c8
=
(ø,
{f7,
...
})
Category.setName(String)!
Item.getAttribute2()! CategorySqlMapDao.getCategory(String)!
Item.getAttribute3()! [
1
/
36
/
4
]
@CATEGORY!
Item.getAttribute4()!
Item.getAttribute5()!
c11
[
0
/
8
/
0
]
Item.getItemId()!
Item.getListPrice()!
c13
[
0
/
1
/
0
]
Item.getProduct()! c9 = ({s4}, { ... }) [ 1 / 2 / 0 ]
Item.getProductId()!
/shop/signonForm.shtml!
Item.setAttribute1(String)!
AccountBean.clear()!
Item.setAttribute2(String)!
AccountBean.signoff()!
Item.setAttribute3(String)!
Item.setAttribute4(String)!
Item.setAttribute5(String)!
Item.setItemId(String)!
Item.setListPrice(BigDecimal)!
Item.setProduct(Product)!
c10
=
({s5},
{f8,
f9,
...
})
Item.setStatus(String)! [
2
/
17
/
0
]
Item.setSupplierId(int)!
Item.setUnitCost(BigDecimal)!
ItemSqlMapDao.getItemListByProduct(String)! c6
=
({s3},
{f6,
f10,
...
})
Product.getCategoryId()!
c2 = (ø, ø) [
5
/
103
/
4
]
Product.getName()!
Product.getProductId()! [0/0/0] formal
concept
related
to
ProductSqlMapDao.getProduct(String)!
@ITEM! a
feature
formal
concept
related
to
c14 = ({s6}, {f2, ... }) [ 1 / 6 / 0 ] two
or
more
features
f2: Search Catalog! formal
concept
related
to
!
/shop/searchProducts.shtml! c7 = ({s2}, {f5, ... }) [ 0 / 4 / 0 ] c5 = (ø, { ... }) [ 1 / 3 / 1 ]
no
specific
feature
CatalogBean.searchProducts()!
CatalogBean.setKeyword(String)!
f5: Browse Item Details!
!
/shop/viewProduct.shtml!
CatalogService.getItem(String)! [
p
/
a
/
d
]
CatalogService.searchProductList(String)! CatalogBean.getItem()! Item.setQuantity(int)! #
of
program
elements
from
ProductSqlMapDao.searchProductList(String)! CatalogBean.setItemId(String)! ItemSqlMapDao.getItem(String)!
ProductSqlMapDao$ProductSearch.getKeywordList()! CatalogBean.viewItem()! @INVENTORY! presenta#on
/
applica#on
/
ProductSqlMapDao$ProductSearch(String)! Item.getQuantity()! data
layers

15. Discussion
• Advantages
to
exis#ng
FLTs
– Incorporate
different
kinds
of
elements
into
FL
• Flexibility
to
mul#-­‐layer
systems
– Independent
from
the
number
and
combina#on
of
layers
• Understanding
complicated
concepts
– Concepts
may
contain
many
elements
– Metrics
and/or
visualiza#on
of
program
elements
contained
in
those
concepts
may
help

16. Conclusion
• Proposed
a
semi-­‐automa#c
technique
to
locate
features
in
a
mul#-­‐layer
system
– by
extending
exis#ng
technique
based
on
FCA
and
dynamic
analysis
• Showed
the
feasibility
– by
applying
it
to
the
example
of
web
applica#on
based
on
typical
three-­‐layer
architecture
of
Java
EE

17. Conclus#on
Overview'of'the'Proposed'Technique Concept(La+ce
c4 = ({s1}, {f3, ... })
• Conduct'dynamic'analysis'separately'for'each' c1 f3: Browse Categories!
layers' !
/shop/viewCategory.shtml!
• Interrelate'observed'elements'by'FCA' CatalogBean.getCategory()!
c12( c3 CatalogBean.setCategoryId(String)!
Concept' CatalogBean.viewCategory()!
S' L0' L1' L2' L3' LaQce CatalogService.getCategory(String)!
(Scenarios) (Features) PresentaCon ApplicaCon Data Category.getName()!
f1' c8( Category.setCategoryId(String)!
s1 f1' p11' p21 p31
Browse'
Category.setDescription(String)!
/index.shtml CatalogService.' PRODUCT p21
Analyst Category init() p11' p31 Category.setName(String)!
s2
f2' p12'
p22 c13 c5( c11 c9 CategorySqlMapDao.getCategory(String)!
p22 p32
@CATEGORY!
f3' p13'
...
p23 p33
f2'
...
sl
p14' p24 p34 p12' p23 p32 c14 c7 c6( c10
fm(
...
...
...
Prepareing' ExtracCng'ExecuCon'Traces'of
' FL'using'Formal'
Applying'FCA
Scenarios Each'Layer
' Concepts c2
• Future
work
– Suppor#ng
analysis
of
formal
concepts
– Conduc#ng
a
case
study
through
industrial
and
open-­‐sourced
mul#-­‐layer
systems

18. Credit
• Day
273
-­‐
Tiny
Trachodon
by
puuikibeach
– h8p://www.flickr.com/photos/puuikibeach/3768359322