This document discusses effective strategies for teaching literacy skills including reading, writing, and mathematics to students with disabilities. It outlines research-based components of reading instruction including phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Specific technologies are presented that can support students in developing these skills, such as text-to-speech, speech recognition, and digital planning tools. Effective elements of writing instruction are also summarized, along with technologies that can aid the writing process from pre-writing to publishing. The document concludes by noting the broad nature of mathematics instruction and importance of positive behavior supports and Universal Design for Learning.
5. Phonological Awareness
Instruction
Understanding discrete sounds/phonemes
Recognizing which words in a set of words
begin with the same sound
Isolating and saying the first or last sound
in a word
Combining or blending the separate
sounds in a word to say the word
Breaking or segmenting a word into its
separate sounds
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6. Technology Can…
Support a student learning to…
Recognize patterns in words
Create words from letters, other
words, pictures or sounds
Use auditory feedback as words are
created or segmented
Convert words by isolating and
changing phonemes
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7. Clicker 5
Enables students
to write with
whole words and
pictures
Talking word
processor
Create your own
grids
Writing supports
for all abilities
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8. Teach Me Nouns
Increase vocabulary
comprehension
Improve articulation
skills
Increase language
expression
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9. Simon SIO
Individualized phonics instruction and corrective
feedback
Systematically and at individuals’ own pace learn
letter sounds and word families
Discrimination between like words and reading
newly learned words within controlled texts
11. Technology Can…
Support a student learning to…
Pair sounds and letters to form words
Spell with success
Practice fluency in reading sentences
Adapt reading strategies as
immediate feedback is received
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12. WordMaker
Pat Cunningham
and her concept
of working with
words
Supports rhyming
Develops new
words from base
words
“s” in front of “it”
13. Co:Writer
Read words as you
go along
Word prediction
Word bank with
topic dictionaries
14. Fluency Instruction
Bridge between word recognition and
comprehension
Development is gradual over time
Difference between more fluent readers
and less fluent readers
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15. Technology Can…
Support a student learning to…
Practice reading aloud
Use models to develop fluency
skills in reading
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17. Start-to-Finish
Recorded
professional talent
reading
Online books
version
Highlight word-by-
word
Check for
understanding
18. Scan, Read and ‘Voicing’ Systems
Kurzweil 3000
Firefly for the iPad
WYNN
Read and Write Gold
readPlease
WordTalk plug in for MS Word
ReadOutLoud
19. Vocabulary
Most Vocabulary Is Learned Indirectly As
Students:
Engage in daily oral language
Listen to adults read to them
Read extensively on their own
Some Vocabulary Must Be Taught Directly
20. Vocabulary
Recognizing and Understanding Words
Synonyms and Antonyms
Definitions
Elaboration
Context
21. Technology Can…
Support a student learning to…
Search word meanings
Explore new words
Elaborate on immediate vocabulary
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22. Tools
eBooks Built in dictionaries
and reading supports
Highlights
Reading Pens
23. Text Comprehension
Comprehension Strategies
Identify where difficulty occurs
Identify what the difficulty is
Restate the difficult sentence or
passage in own words
Look back through the text
Look forward in the text for
information that might help them to
resolve the difficulty
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24. Technology Can…
Support a student learning to…
Look up meanings of difficult words or
unfamiliar phrases
Sequence events in a story
Discriminate the parts of a passage
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29. Effective Elements of Writing Instruction
(Executive Summary,Writing Next report)
1. Writing Strategies - teaching students
strategies for planning, revising, & editing
2. Summarization - explicitly & systematically
teaching students how to summarize texts
3. Collaborative Writing - instructional
arrangements in which students work together to
plan, draft, revise, & edit their compositions
4. Specific Product Goals - assign students
specific, reachable goals for the writing
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30. Effective Elements of Writing Instruction
(Executive Summary,Writing Next report)
5. Word Processing - computers and word
processors as instructional supports for writing
assignments
6. Sentence Combining - teaching students to
construct more complex, sophisticated
sentences
7. Prewriting - activities designed to help them
generate or organize ideas for their composition
8. Inquiry Activities - analyzing immediate,
concrete data to help them develop ideas &
content for a particular writing task
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31. Effective Elements of Writing Instruction
(Executive Summary,Writing Next report)
9. Process Writing Approach - interweaves a
number of writing instructional activities in a
workshop environment that stresses
extended writing opportunities, writing for
authentic audiences, personalized
instruction, & cycles of writing
10. Study of Models - opportunities to read,
analyze, and emulate models of good writing
11. Writing for Content Learning - uses
writing as a tool for learning content
material
32. Stages in the Writing Process
Reflective Recursive
Prewriting
Publishing Drafting
Editing Revising
Source: Texas Education Agency
33. Strategies for Teacher Tool Use
An effective instructional sequence would
include:
Explanation with problem definition
Modeling with interactive teaching
Guided practice with substantive
facilitation
Independent use with teacher
conference
34. Access to Writing Process Tools
For Students with Disabilities
◦ Students with Print Disabilities
◦ Students with Vision Impairments
◦ Students with Physical Disabilities
◦ Students with Cognitive Impairments
37. Drafting
While prewriting activities and tools can
assist the writer during initial drafting, the
writer must still juggle:
◦ Planning what to say and how to say it
◦ Selecting words, sentences, and text
structures
◦ Producing the text
◦ Monitoring his or her writing in order to revise
“on the fly”
38. Digital Planning & Organization Tools
Drafting Supports
◦ Word or phrase “ideas” from prewriting can
serve as sentence starters or provide vocabulary
for drafting
◦ Digital outline files can be used to generate a
first draft when more extensive written
information was produced during planning &
organization
◦ Drafting support can be done through ‘copy and
paste’ or ‘click and drag’ or an “auto create”
function
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39. Tools to explore
Templates : ClozePro by Crick
Prediction: Co:Writer by DJI
Speech Recognition: Windows or Dragon
Naturally Speaking
Webnotes
40. Revising & Editing
Two Complementary Processes
Revising
◦ Clarifies meaning and expands ideas
◦ Makes the writing more interesting and
understandable to the reader
Editing
◦ Correction of errors in the conventions of
writing: spelling, capitalization, punctuation,
and grammar
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41. Tools to explore
• Custom Dictionary – Co:Writer with word
banks and topic dictionaries
• Electronic dictionaries/Thesaurus
• Highlighters
• Pens/tape
• Electronic highlighting
• Auditory word
processing -- WYNN
42. Publishing
Good Writing Checklist
I capitalized words correctly
I used correct punctuation
I used the Spell Checker to check my spelling
I used exact and interesting language
I checked my writing carefully for sentence
fragments and run-ons
I read my writing carefully and looked for ways
to make it better
43. Tools to explore
Traditional “books” or journals
Digital recordings
Digital narration of text
Blogs, Vlogs, Edmodo
45. Mathematics
Very broad area
Basic Math
Fractions
Pre-Algebra
Algebra
Geometry
Word problems
46. Learning Management
Positive behavior supports
Engagement!!
Applying Universal Design for Learning
strategies and techniques
Making content viable, real, and applicable
Setting goals
and expectations
up front
47. In conclusion…
Reading
Writing
Applications of technology
Integration of technology tools and
strategies
Support of these tools in all environments
Trial and error… AT Cycle of assessment