2. Alfred Adler Individual Psychology Focused on Social Interest – desire to relate positively and productively 1. Striving for superiority – motivating force of life Negative effect – Inferiority Complex 2. Parental Influence – placed greater emphasis than Freud on role of parents in early personality development 3. Birth Order – First to emphasize in the shaping of personality
3. Erik Erikson Ego Psychology Concept of ego – Principle function is to establish and maintain identity Identity – complex inner state that includes sense of individuality and uniqueness as well as sense of wholeness and continuity with past and future Eight Stages of Man: Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Self-doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair
4. Karen Horney Feminine Psychology Described psychological health and neurosis Three general interacting styles: Moving toward people Moving against people Moving away from people Electra Complex
5. Carl Jung Analytical Psychology Differed from Freud in important ways: Disagreed about sex (libido) as life force Focused on interpersonal aspects Spiritual and mystical matters Jung believed in a connection to the inner rhythm of the universe : “synchronicity” Transcendental experiences Collective Unconscious
6. Jung - Collective Unconscious Result of the history of the human race – we as a species share memories and ideas – most are unconscious The fundamental images of the collective unconscious are archetypes
7. Jung - Archetypes Images that are at the core of how we think about the world both consciously and unconsciously Sometimes disguised behind symbols, show up in dreams, thoughts, mythology – all over the world – repeatedly!
8. Jung - Archetype of the Anima and Animus Anima Animus Female Male Held in the Held in the mind of the male mind of the female
9. Jung - Persona Social mask we wear in public Persona is always a false self (Sociology and social psychology – similar) How we relate to objects and our belief about objects Danger – may come to identify with persona too much and lose self
10. Jung - Types Jung was interested in determining individual differences in personality Two distinct attitudes: 1. Person who draws back (Introversion) 2. Person who goes forth (Extroversion) More than two types of people: Ways of Thinking: Sensation Intuition Thinking Feeling
11. Questions to ponder: Why might someone buy a vehicle like a Humvee? Is it possible the person may or may not know all the reasons they bought this vehicle? Describe an example of an advertisement that seem to target hidden motives for buying something. Are people who are your parents/grandparents age still growing and changing? How? Have you noticed the same character types showing up in films and books? Does Jung’s idea of the collective unconscious have anything to do with this?
