Real Problem

1. Sanitation
“Toilet "
Eradication of open defecating
Presented By: Pradeep Kumar Kesarwani
Email at:- pradeepkesarwani001@gmail.com
Cnt- 09794906969

3. Sanitation
 Sanitation literally means measures necessary for
improving and protecting health and well being of the
people. Sanitation is any system that promotes proper
disposal of human and animal wastes, proper use of
toilet and avoiding open space defecation.
 The defecation is the practice of passing out excreta.
 Open defecation is the practice of passing out excreta
in open field and indiscriminately. This excreta often
finds it way into sources of drinking water and food
and may lead to disease.
 A drop can kill: One gram of excreta can contain;
 10,000,000 (1cr) viruses
 1,000,000 (10 L) bacteria
 1,000 parasites cysts
 100 parasite eggs
By UNICEF

4. Major Disease
 Diarrhea: - Diarrhea describes loose, watery stools that occur more
frequently than usual. Diarrhea is something everyone experiences.
Diarrhea often means more-frequent trips to the toilet and a
greater volume of stool. More than 1 million / year child
deaths in India (By Unicef study)
 Typhoid : - CDC (Center for Disease Control) almost 21.5 million
people in developing countries contract typhoid each year.
 Cholera : - Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by
the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are
watery diarrhea and vomiting. This may result in dehydration and
in severe cases grayish-bluish skin. Transmission occurs primarily
by drinking water or eating food that has been contaminated by
the feces (waste product) of an infected people, including one with
no apparent symptoms. Cholera click here.docx
 Dysentery : - Estimated infect mortality rate ( as per 1000 live
births) according to clinical pattern of diarrhea is 1.6% (ICDDR,
Bangladesh) Diarrhoeal click here- Google Books.html

5. Scheme by Government to build toilet
 Sanitation part of national agenda in first 5 year plan
(1951-56)
 1986 - Focus on sanitation – Central Rural
Sanitation Programme (CRSP) launched
 1999 - Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
launched
 2003- Community incentive scheme- Nirmal Gram
Puraskar (NGP) launched on 2nd Oct 2003

6. Speech and discussion by formal PM Narendra
Modi
 Construct separate toilets for girls : Stressing on "dignity
of women", Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged
parliamentarians and the corporate sector to help build
separate toilets for girls in schools across the country by
next year.
 Modi also pitched for making provisions for building
toilets wherein women should not defecate in open."We
are in the 21st century. Have we ever been pained by the
fact that even today our mothers and sisters have to
defecate in open. Dignity of women...isn't this is a
responsibility of everyone ? (On 15th august 2014 at Red
Fort)
 Build toilets first and temples later, Narendra Modi says
(On 2th October 2014 Gandhi Jayanti)
 Bill Gates also twitted meeting discussion with Prime
Minister

7. Some facts why people ignore toilet near the house
Men Women
 One of study conducted by Unicef concluded that men not
use toilet near the house because of in morning time they go
for checking their field at the same time they defecation on the
field it’s a daily routine activity.
One of study conducted by Pradan concluded that woman
have only free time in morning when they are free to talk to
other women no pressure for doing work on house or field. So
that ignore the toilet near the house.
It’s a only time to walk and take some fresh air for good
health (almost every rural families routine life running from 4
am to 9 pm where 4 to 6 am for field checking ; 6-8 am for
bathing, food, taking milk & lying food for his cattle etc. ; 8
am-9:30 am going for job 9:30 am to 5:30 pm doing his job
5:30 pm to 7 pm returning his home ; 7 pm -9 pm food,
talking to family member , playing with his children and
sleeping for risen next day at 4 am. they have no time for
specially going for exercise or any other)
 Same concept followed by women as men. (women routine
life running from 4 am to 10 pm where 4 to 6 am for
defecation talking to her neighbor, field checking ; 6-8 am for
cleaning house bathing, cooking, etc. ; 8 am-9:30 am get
ready to her children for school; 9:30 am to 5 pm washing,
doing left work, go the fields for grazing 5:00 pm to 6 pm
returning her home ; 6 pm -10 pm cooking, talking to family
member , playing with his children, cleaning house and
finishing all the things and then sleep for risen next day at 4
am)
Old men feel shy for defecation in toilet because of his
daughter and daughter in law they also used the toilet and stay
working around there.
(it’s a prime condition when they have proper toilet facility)
 In Indian rural area almost every families living jointly
mother, sister, wife, sister in laws, daughters etc. there are
many members in one roof . It simply means 10-15 min taken
by one people for defecation contradicted they have not
enough time to wait for toilet because of they have another
task.
 They not having good resource of water and not having
better toilet facility like E-toilet, Two-pit pour flush compost
toilet Click here. jpg
Same as men
 One of concept shared by men they defecate on the field
because of they know after some days it will become manure
that help to crop for better growing; this is right that’s why
they ignore defecation in the toilet.
 Can’t say as they fallow men concept.

8. Statistical Analysis
 Census 1951 the total population in India was 403515600
 Census 2011 the total population in India 1210193422
 Population growth averagely 1.11 % / year running from 60 years ( On 2011 growth is 1.76 %/
year)
 A report jointly prepared by the WHO and UNICEF says 597 million (597000000) people
practices open defecation in India.
 Population growth rate is 1.76 % / year it means till on 2014 the population will be increase by 3
years = (21299404 people/ year×3) = 63898213 people
 It means proper toilet users (1210193422 + 63898213) – 597000000 = 677091635 it means
(677091635 /60 years (2011-1951) = 11284861 toilet user/year
 The population will be by the same growth rate 1.76% / year on the census 2021 approx.
1423671542 (21299404 / year increase) while the covering speed is only 11284861 people/
year
 Means 21299404 people - 11284861 people = 10014543 less cover from the population
growth.
 It means the total people who open defecating in India will be on 2021 is 597000000 +
10014543 × 7 year = 667101801 people practices to open defecation.
 Standard size of family is 5 people lives in one roof it means 667101801 people / 5 =
133420360 (IHHT) toilets need.
 If the government and people want to resolve the problem on next census 2021 they must install
= 133420360 toilets (IHHT) ( approx 9th times from current speed)
 If one toilet installation cast is Rs. 10000 (Minimum) they have to spent
 Rs. 10000* 133420360 (IHHT)toilets = Rs. 1334203600000 ( 1334 Cr.)
 Total population in India on 2011 is 1210193422 & will be on 2014 is 1274091635
 Now Rs. 1334203600000 / 1274091635 Population on 2014 = Approx. Rs. 1047.18 Paisa /
head.
 Very surprising truth here we have if every Indian people donate or share one time Rs. . 1047.18

9. Economic Loss
 In terms of deaths- loss of workers,
 Disability- loss of working time,
Debility- loss of productive capacity
In terms of expenditure (Indian Rupees) during water
& sanitation decade
1st to 5th year plans- 50 millions
5th to 7th year plan 33340 millions
8th to 9th year plan period – 65530 millions
TB control- 870 million
(By water & sanitation decade report, ministry of heath,
New Delhi)

10. Challenges
 Change in behaviour pattern and attitude
 Quality of construction and post construction
maintenance
 Sustainability of the sanitation coverage achieved
 Convergence at grass root level
During when I’ve engage with
MANREGA project found that non of
gram pradhan (visited 16 GPs) newly or
maintaining toilet at village level.

11. Conclusion
 Over half of all Indians defecate in the open, and in rural
areas, this figure is about 70 per cent. In contrast, less than
1 per cent of people in China, 4 per cent of people in
Bangladesh, and about a quarter of people in Sub-Saharan
Africa defecate in the open. Why is there so much more
open defecation in India? Considering that open defecation
in rural India causes death, disease, malnutrition and the
loss of economic productivity.
 The changes will be happened when we get together and
fight with exiting problem no matter we have lots of good
toilet & sanitation facility rather we lives in the same
environment; almost every people who practices to open
defecation lives in poor condition they not have much money
or not have proper water facility or not want to change their
habit, now its time to support them either donate some
money or awareness for build a fresh and healthy
environment where breath freely and not worry about any
disease will happen through excreta.
Club hands + Agenda Oriented = Clean

12. Some documentaries movie
 http://youtu.be/ZjqtfQZKxxw
 ( Source : pictures taken by www.google.co.in & movie
prepared by me)
 Dignity of women.mp4
( Source : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xcf0HOntiU