Artificial Lighting and Plant Stimulation in Winter Months
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This document discusses how plant traits can be controlled through environmental factors like light quality, genetics, and genomics. Specifically, it explores how manipulating light wavelength, intensity, photoperiod, and the timing of light exposure can influence gene expression, hormone production and translocation, growth processes, and metabolite accumulation in plants. The document reviews research showing these light-based effects in small crops like microgreens and sprouts, as well as fruits and vegetables. It also discusses opportunities to apply this knowledge to tree crops by controlling photoperiod and using far-red light to stimulate elongation growth. The document concludes that a combination of different light qualities precisely timed may allow steering plant physiology and development for agricultural purposes.
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Artificial Lighting and Plant Stimulation in Winter Months
- 1. Controlling Plant Traits with Environment, Genetics and Genomics Kevin M. Folta Professor and Chair Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Kevin M. Folta, Professor and Chair,Kevin M. Folta, Professor and Chair, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaHorticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida Artificial Lighting & Plant Stimulation in Winter Months
- 2. The underlying theory of altering plant traits using narrow bandwidth illumination Application to small-format horticultural crops What we know about tree crops; future applications
- 6. PhytochromesPhytochromesCryptochromesCryptochromes PhototropinsPhototropins LOV-domain proteinsLOV-domain proteins Green Sensor?Green Sensor? The Light SensoriumThe Light Sensorium UVR8UVR8 ON OFF
- 7. What are the qualities of light we can control? •Photoperiod •Fluence rate (intensity) •Wavelength •Combinations of wavelegths •Timing of “coaction”
- 8. Light controls: •Changes in gene expression •Tissue sensitivity to hormones •Hormone production •Hormone translocation •Water relocation •Gas exchange •Many other processes!
- 9. If this is so great, why don’t we do it now?
- 11. “Microgreens” Colorful or flavorful seedlings High value, $60-$80 / lb Huge demand
- 13. Painting Seedlings with Light
- 14. white Far-red blue-red dark red Plasticity in Beet Sprouts blue Blue-far red red-far red
- 15. Broccoli Sprouts 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 white red FR red FR red blue blue blue FR Light Quality Anthocyaninng/gF.W. Relative anthocyanin
- 16. Manipulation of the light spectrum allows us to predictably steer plant physiology, development and metabolite accumulation Experiments in small-format crops like microgreens allow manipulation of high-value traits Experiments in fruits and vegetables show effects on flavors Light can affect post-harvest quality of fruits and vegetables.
- 17. What are the qualities of light we can control? •Photoperiod •Fluence rate (intensity) •Wavelength •Combinations of wavelegths •Timing of “coaction”
- 18. Application to trees – photoperiod and temperature effects are well established Cold Cool Cool short day short day long day Gustafson, 1938
- 19. Far-red light has an effect in sustaining elongation growth in angiosperms and gymnosperms Data from Populus Olsen, 2010
- 20. Decreasing FR decreases elongation growth Mo
- 21. g End of Day Far-Red Treatments Lead to Elongation Growth Yang et al., 2012
- 22. g The real solution will likely require a recipe Directional blue light to stimulate phototropic response? Far-red after darkness to stimulate elongation growth? Night interrupt with red/blue light to reset the endogenous clock, simulating long-day conditions?
- 23. Energy Savings USDA cut costs by 67% State + Federal rebates = “Free” Lights? Molmann. 2006
- 24. Is it time to go ALL IN?
- 25. Conclusions •A given set of genetics can have a ranging environmental response. •Different light sensors mediate specific light responses, leading to discrete changes. •Controlling the quantity, quality, combination and duration of photons permits manipulation of plant traits. •End-of-day far-red, and far-red enriched environments may enhance elongation growth.
- 26. Thank you. •Contact me any time, kfolta@ufl.edu