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Parts and Functions of the Urinary System
1. In this chapter, you should be able to:
• Identify and label parts of the urinary system
• Describe the functions of parts of the urinary system
• Define excretion
• Describe dialysis
2. Excretion is the removal of metabolic
waste products from the body of an
organism.
Excretory organs
Lungs
Skin
Liver
Kidney
8. Ultrafiltration occurs in the glomerulus.
Large molecules and cells
are retained in the blood.
i.e. hormones & RBC
Blood plasma are filtered
into the renal tubule.
9. Glomerulus
Loop of Henlé
Renal tubule
As the blood plasma moves along the Loop of Henlé,
some substances are reabsorbed back into the capillaries.
These substances include glucose, amino acids, mineral
salts and water.
Purified blood moves out of the kidney via the renal vein.
10. Glomerulus
Urea and excess water & mineral salts are retained in the
Loop of Henle, and sent to the collecting duct.
Loop of Henlé
Renal tubule
Collecting duct
12. Normal constituents of urine
Average composition of normal human urine in
grams / 100 cm³
Water
Mineral salts (NaCl)
Urea
Other nitrogenous substances
96.0
1.8
2.0
0.2
100.0
13. Kidney Failure – Dialysis
When a kidney transplant is not available or not feasible,
dialysis can mimic the critical functions of the kidneys and
sustain life.
Peritoneal dialysisHemodialysis
15. Dialysis machine has the following features:
• Tubing of the machine:
⇒ has walls which are partially permeable,
⇒ are highly coiled
∴ allow urea to diffuse out into the dialysis fluid.
∴ More urea can diffuse out in a given time.
tubing
to ↑ surface area: volume ratio,
16. Dialysis machine has the following properties:
• dialysis fluid has same osmotic concentration as blood plasma
∴No net movements of useful components of blood plasma
Fresh dialysis fluid in Used dialysis fluid out
• continual flow of dialysis fluid in and out of machine
∴maintains diffusion gradient of urea between blood and
dialysis fluid.
tubing