The document discusses weather and climate, climate zones, and factors that affect climate such as the sun, latitude, elevation, large bodies of water, and mountain ranges. It describes the six major climate zones as two torrid zones, two temperate zones, and two frigid zones. It also summarizes Köppen's climate classification system and describes different climate types such as tropical, dry, mild, continental, polar, and highland climates. Finally, it distinguishes between renewable resources like water, soil, trees, and wind versus nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels and metals.

1. Weather vs. Climate

2. Weather
• Over a short period of time

3. Climate
• Occur over a long period of time

4. Climate Zones
• The earth in divided into 6 climate zones
• 2 Torrid Zones (warm all year)
• 2 Temperate Zones (cooler and has seasons)
• 2 Frigid Zones (cool to subzero all year)

5. Frigid
Frigi
d
Torrid
Torrid

6. Factors that affect climate
1. The sun
– The sun strikes
the earth
unevenly and
certain parts of
the earth receive
more heat than
others

8. 2. Latitude
– How far an area is from the equator

9. 3. Elevation
– Height above sea level
– The higher you climb, the colder it gets

10. 4. Large bodies of water
– Precipitation and ocean currents affect climate

11. 5. Mountain ranges

12. CLIMATES
• Wladimir Köppen
developed
classification system
for climates

13. Tropical Climates
• Have high temperatures and heavy
precipitation

15. 2. Savanna

16. Dry Climate

17. 1. Desert

18. • Desert – less than 10” of precipitation a year
and big difference in nighttime and daytime
temperatures

19. 2. Steppe

20. Steppe – average 10-30” of rain a year

21. Mild Climates

23. Humid subtropical – mild winters and hot, moist
summers

24. 2. Marine West Coast

25. Marine West Coast – dry winter with regular
rainfall

26. 3. Mediterranean

27. Mediterranean – found surrounding the
Mediterranean Sea

28. Continental climates
• Seasonal extremes in temperature and
precipitation

29. 1. Humid Continental

30. Humid Continental – cold winters and warm to
hot summers

31. 2. Subpolar

32. Subpolar Climates – snow climates

33. Polar Climates

34. 1. Polar Ice Cap

35. Polar icecap – permanent ice and snow

36. 2. Tundra

37. Tundra – has snow, but has a short season when
temperatures may rise above freezing

38. Highland Climates
• Resemble polar climates

39. Renewable vs nonrenewable resources

40. Renewable Resources
• Water
• Soil
• Air
• Trees
• Waterpower
• Geothermal energy (heat from the Earth’s
interior)
• Wind
• Solar energy (energy from the sun)

41. Nonrenewable Resources
• Exist in limited quantities and cannot be
replaced
– Iron
– Bauxite (make aluminum)
– Fossil fuels (coal and petroleum)
– Nuclear energy (uranium)