After World War 1, several dictators rose to power in Russia, Germany, and Italy. In Russia, Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks and became dictator after the execution of Czar Nicholas II. In Germany, Adolf Hitler led the Nazi party and declared himself dictator after gaining power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini led the Fascist party and was appointed leader after marching on Rome. These dictators consolidated their control and rebuilt their militaries, undermining the peace efforts of the League of Nations and other post-WW1 agreements.
11. • Adolf Hitler led the Nazi party
– National Socialist German Workers’ Party
• Once in power, Hitler declared himself dictator
of Germany
• He rebuilt Germany for future military
conquest
14. • Italy helped the Allies during WWI, but gained
no land after the war was over.
• Benito Mussolini was head of the Fascist Party
• He led a march on Rome and was appointed
leader of Italy
16. Lateran Treaties
• Signed between Mussolini and the Catholic
Church
• Gave the Catholics Vatican City in return for
their end of opposition to the unification of
Italy
17. League of Nations
• Formation led by Woodrow Wilson of the US
• Hoped to prevent future wars
• It turned out to be too weak
18. 3 pacts to prevent future war:
1. Washington Naval Conference
– Agreed to limit the number of war ships each
nation could build
19. 2. Locarno Pact
• Between Germany, France and Belgium
• Agreed on present borders
The world proved to be very unstable, and no amount of precaution could overcome the human drive to seek power and dominate weaker nations
The Romanovs. From left to right: Olga, Maria, Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, and Tatiana. Livadia, 1913
Declared religion to be the “opium of the masses”Viewed religion and churches as tools used to take advantage of the working class
Struggled with Leon TrotskyBoth were followers of LeninRead page 317 in teacher book about Lenin’s disagreement with Stalin
Stalin used the secret police and army to burn the homes of offending peasants that opposed his plansHe destroyed over half of the homes in RussiaMany ChristiansJo suffered persecution during his reign
New road system that would enable German troops to move rapidly from one front to another in the event of another two-front warWorked to make Germany self-sufficient…would limit the ability of enemy forces to cut off supplies in a time of war
Mussolini divided Italy into 13 groups (13 districts??)
Japan continued to build a large naval fleet
Met in Locarno, SwitzerlandIn theory, it would have prevented WWII