With footnotes :)

1. CHAPTER 1
Themeaning and Importance of Tourism

2. WHAT IS “TOURISM”?
 Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to
and staying in places outside their usual environment for
not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes. - UNWTO
 The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from
the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do
not lead to permanent residence and are not connected
to any earning activity. - Hunziker and Krapf
 Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people
to destinations outside the places where they noramlly
live and work and their activities during their stay at these
destinations. - Tourism Society of Britain

3. MEANING OF TOURIST
A tourist is a person who, visits a country other than
that in which he usually resides for a period of at least 24
hours. - League of Nations, 1937
Visitor is any person visiting a country other than
that of earning money. - United Nations Conference on International
Travel and Tourism,1963
Two classes of visitors:
1. Tourists - temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours,
whose purpose could be leisure, business, family, mission
and meeting.
2. Excursionists - temporary visitors staying less than 24
hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight
stay, including cruise travellers but excluding travellers in
transit.

4. 1. Distance
 The difference between local travel or traveling within a person's
home community and non-local travel or traveling away from
home.
 It EXCLUDES commuting to and from work and change in
residence.
 A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from
home is the distance traveled on a trip.
 Trip is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at least 100
miles (160.934 km) away from home and returns.”
2. Length of Stay at Destination
 The definition of tourists and excursionists as proposed by the
WTO (World Tourism Organization) is largely teased on length of
stay.
 Tourist and excursionist
ELEMENTS OF TOURISM

5. 3. Residence of the Traveler
 The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element
of travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to
know where people live.
4. Purpose of Travel
 Visiting friends and relatives
 Conventions, seminars and meetings
 Business
 Outdoor recreation
 Entertainment
 Personal
 Others

6. NATURE OF A TOUR
 Domestic Tourism
 Refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries
of the traveller's country.
 International Tourism
 involves the movement of people across international
boundaries.
Package Tour
1. Inclusive tour
 is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation is
bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of the
individual elements cannot be determined by the purchaser
himself.
What are the differences of
Domestic and International Tourism?

7. 2. Independent Tour
 is one in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either
making reservations in advance through a travel agent or en
route during his tour.
Tourists Purchasing Package Tours
1. Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT)
 is one which the tourist travels to his destination individually.
2. Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)
 travels in the company of other tourists.

8. THE TOURIST PRODUCT
 The tourist product consists of what the tourist buys.
 Tourist product is a combination of what the tourist does
at the destination and the services he uses during his stay.
Characteristics of a Tourist Product:
1. Tourist product is a service.
2. Largely psychological in its attraction.
3. Vary in standard and quality over time.
4. Supply of the product is fixed.

9. THE TOURIST DESTINATION
Tourist destination is a geographical unit which the
tourist visits and where he stays. It may be a village, a town,
a city, a district, a region, an island, a country or a continent.
Three Basic Factors of a Tourist Destination:
1. Attractions
a. Site Attraction - is one which the destination itself has appeal
b. Event Attraction - is one in which tourists are drawn to the
destination solely because of what is taking place there.
c. Natural Attraction - include mountains, beaches, climatic
features such as sunshine and pure air.
d. Man-made Attractions - include buildings of historical or
architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, holiday camps,
theme parks such as Disneyland.

10. 2. Amenities or Facilities
 include accommodation, food, local transport and
communications and entertainment at the site.
3. Accessibility
 means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of
time/distance to the destination from the originating country at a
reasonable price.

11. TOURIST SERVICES
 The travel and stay of tourists give rise to a wide range of
services in the course of a holiday.
 The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger
transport which provides the means to reach the
destination as well as the movement at the destination.
 Distinctions in transport are between public and private,
domestic and international and among various modes -
land, sea and air.
 Accommodation, food and beverage, and entertainment
constitute the second group of tourist services.
 Hotels are of vital convern to a large proportion of
tourists.

12.  Food and beverage operations cut across all sectors of the
travel industry since eating is a necessity as well as a
pleasure for travelers.
 Entertainment combined with amusement and recreation
is the primary reason why millions of people travel.
 A third group of tourist services consists of those
provided by the travel agent and tour operator.
 Travel Agent
is the distributor of the product and provides an intermediary
function between the tourist and the providers of transport and
accommodation.
 Tour Operator
is the manufacturer of the product which combines the individual
components of a holiday into a product which is then sold directly to
the public or through travel agents.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
1. The product is not bought to the customer; rather, the
consumer has to travel and go to the product to
purchase it.
2. The products of touris are not used up; thus, they do not
exhaust the country's natural resources.
3. Tourism is labor-intensive industry.
4. Tourism is people - oriented.
5. Tourism is multi-dimensional phenomenon.
6. The tourist industry is seasonal.
7. The industry is dynamic.

14. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
1. Contribution to the balance of payments
2. Dispersion of development
3. Effect on general economic development
4. Employment opportunities
5. Social benefits
6. Cultural enrichment
7. Educational significance
8. A vital force for peace