2. Specimen
Patient Preparation: Patient should be on a stable diet
for 3 weeks, and fast 9-12 hours before collection,
recommended.
• Specimen Type: Blood
• Container: Green (Li Heparin) or Red top tube
(No Gel), tubes containing EDTA .
• Collection: Routine venepuncture
• Special Processing: Lab Staff: Centrifuge
specimen, remove plasma/serum aliquot into a
plastic sample cup. Sample to be run within 2
hours.
6. A lipid profile typically includes:
• Total cholesterol —this test measures all of
the cholesterol in all the lipoprotein particles.
• Total cholesterol = LDL + HDL + (1/5
triglycerides)
For example, if one has HDL of 40, LDL of 100 and triglycerides of
100, then the total cholesterol = 100 + 40 + (1/5 of 100=20) = 160.
7. Normal Ranges
Total cholesterol
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 200 mg/dL Desirable
200-239 mg/dL Borderline high
240 mg/dL and above High
8. (HDL-C)
o Measures the cholesterol in HDL particles;
often called "good cholesterol" because it
removes excess cholesterol and carries it to
the liver for removal.
9. Normal Ranges
HDL cholesterol
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 40 mg/dL (men)
Below 50 mg/dL (women)
Poor
40-49 mg/dL (men)
50-59 mg/dL (women)
Better
60 mg/dL and above Best
10. (LDL-C)
o Often called "bad cholesterol" because it
deposits excess cholesterol in walls of blood
vessels, which can contribute to
atherosclerosis.
o Usually, the amount of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)
is calculated using the results of total
cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
11. Normal Ranges
LDL cholesterol
(U.S. and some other countries)
Below 70 mg/dL Ideal for people at very high risk
of heart disease
Below 100 mg/dL Ideal for people at risk of heart
disease
100-129 mg/dL Near ideal
130-159 mg/dL Borderline high
160-189 mg/dL High
190 mg/dL and above Very high
12. Triglycerides
• low levels of triglycerides can be present :
Patients who carry genes for familial
hypobetalipoproteinemia .
• High levels of triglycerides can be present :
Metabolic syndrome .
Risk factor to CAD .
• Very high levels of triglycerides “ 500 mg/dl”:
can be concerning for development of pancreatitis .
13. Normal Ranges
Triglycerides
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal
101 - 150 mg/dL Normal
150-199 mg/dL Borderline high
200-499 mg/dL High
500 mg/dL and above Very high
14. (VLDL-C)
• Calculated from “ triglycerides/5 “ > this
formula is based on the typical composition of
VLDL particles.
NORMAL LEVEL : 30 mg/dL or 0.77 mmol/L
15. Chylomicron
Chylomicron range in size from 75 to 1200 nm in
diameter and their mass ranges from 50 x 106
to 1 x 109 D
16. (LDL-P)
This test measures the number of LDL particles, rather
than measuring the amount of LDL-cholesterol.
Reference Range for LDL-P :
A value of less than 1.000 is considered ideal. Above
2.000 is considered very high.
Ideal: <1000
Moderate: 1000-1299
Borderline High: 1300-1599
High: >1600
17. • Lp(a) Ultra :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 3 - 130 mg/dL
o CHD and ischemic stroke.
• Apolipoprotein A-1 :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 30 - 270 mg/dL
o Increase >> Physical exercise ,Pregnancy & statins. etc.
o Decrease >> Chronic kidney disease , Smoking &
obesity …etc
18. • Apolipoprotein B :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL
o Increased > Diabetes ..etc.
o Decrease > Hyperthyroidism .. etc.
• Phospholipids :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL
