SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo

The science behind the fun of mentos

•Télécharger en tant que PPT, PDF•
•
Sells Middle School
Sells Middle School
FormationTechnologie
1  sur  12
The Science Behind the Fun of Mentos and Diet Coke. 7 th Grade Science Solutions Unit
Boom!!! ,[object Object],[object Object]
How did it become so popular? ,[object Object]
Then, ,[object Object],[object Object]
Why do we care? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Carbon Dioxide Compound ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s see it… ,[object Object]
How does it do that? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleation Sites ,[object Object],[object Object]
Carbonic Acid in Solution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anti-Occam’s Razor ,[object Object]
[object Object]

Recommandé

Do I Know You CO2? (English)
Do I Know You CO2? (English) Do I Know You CO2? (English)
Do I Know You CO2? (English)Global CCS Institute
 
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay Assignmentst
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay AssignmentstPay Someone To Write My College Essay Assignmentst
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay AssignmentstVeronica Sulaiman
 
Science 12.pptx
Science 12.pptxScience 12.pptx
Science 12.pptxMAHAZELTEOLOGO3
 
Why Are You Going To College Brown Essay
Why Are You Going To College Brown EssayWhy Are You Going To College Brown Essay
Why Are You Going To College Brown EssayNikki Wheeler
 
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level By
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level ByA Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level By
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level BySheena White
 
Climate change presentation
Climate change presentationClimate change presentation
Climate change presentationMukesh Prasad
 
Thesis Theme Templates
Thesis Theme TemplatesThesis Theme Templates
Thesis Theme TemplatesJennifer Roman
 
Global warming lesson plan
Global warming lesson planGlobal warming lesson plan
Global warming lesson planInma Alvarez
 

Recommandé

Do I Know You CO2? (English)
Do I Know You CO2? (English) Do I Know You CO2? (English)
Do I Know You CO2? (English)Global CCS Institute
 
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay Assignmentst
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay AssignmentstPay Someone To Write My College Essay Assignmentst
Pay Someone To Write My College Essay AssignmentstVeronica Sulaiman
 
Science 12.pptx
Science 12.pptxScience 12.pptx
Science 12.pptxMAHAZELTEOLOGO3
 
Why Are You Going To College Brown Essay
Why Are You Going To College Brown EssayWhy Are You Going To College Brown Essay
Why Are You Going To College Brown EssayNikki Wheeler
 
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level By
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level ByA Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level By
A Level Media Essay Help - Media Studies A Level BySheena White
 
Climate change presentation
Climate change presentationClimate change presentation
Climate change presentationMukesh Prasad
 
Thesis Theme Templates
Thesis Theme TemplatesThesis Theme Templates
Thesis Theme TemplatesJennifer Roman
 
Global warming lesson plan
Global warming lesson planGlobal warming lesson plan
Global warming lesson planInma Alvarez
 
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1MsBenesova
 
HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos G4ESL
 
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed JournalLanguage Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed JournalAnn Montgomery
 
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - DeacoDescribe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - DeacoSusan Matthews
 
Twin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout SessionTwin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout SessionJon Corippo
 
Collaborative presentation
Collaborative presentationCollaborative presentation
Collaborative presentationBreakingScience
 
Wikis In Education
Wikis In EducationWikis In Education
Wikis In EducationKevin Young
 
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.Heidi Wilson
 
Buy Online Essay
Buy Online EssayBuy Online Essay
Buy Online EssayAlly Gonzales
 
Buy Online Essay.pdf
Buy Online Essay.pdfBuy Online Essay.pdf
Buy Online Essay.pdfJacqueline Ramirez
 
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...Global CCS Institute
 
CHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final ExamCHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final ExamAllenMcCarty
 
Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!Vu Phu
 
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primarySlide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primaryPia Barth
 
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 FClass 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 FLindsey Jones
 
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan JawabannyaSoal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan JawabannyaLaurel Connor
 
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Casey Black
 
Topomaps
TopomapsTopomaps
TopomapsSells Middle School
 
Evidence... notes
Evidence... notesEvidence... notes
Evidence... notesSells Middle School
 
Periodic table
Periodic tablePeriodic table
Periodic tableSells Middle School
 
Atoms bonding
Atoms bondingAtoms bonding
Atoms bondingSells Middle School
 
Chemical reactions
Chemical reactionsChemical reactions
Chemical reactionsSells Middle School
 

Contenu connexe

Similaire à The science behind the fun of mentos

Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1MsBenesova
 
HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos G4ESL
 
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed JournalLanguage Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed JournalAnn Montgomery
 
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - DeacoDescribe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - DeacoSusan Matthews
 
Twin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout SessionTwin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout SessionJon Corippo
 
Collaborative presentation
Collaborative presentationCollaborative presentation
Collaborative presentationBreakingScience
 
Wikis In Education
Wikis In EducationWikis In Education
Wikis In EducationKevin Young
 
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.Heidi Wilson
 
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...Global CCS Institute
 
CHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final ExamCHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final ExamAllenMcCarty
 
Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!Vu Phu
 
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primarySlide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primaryPia Barth
 
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 FClass 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 FLindsey Jones
 
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan JawabannyaSoal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan JawabannyaLaurel Connor
 
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Casey Black
 

Similaire à The science behind the fun of mentos (17)

Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
Coke&5 mentos grade4 esl 1
 
HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos HyunSeo Coke and mentos
HyunSeo Coke and mentos
 
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed JournalLanguage Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
Language Grade 8 Proper Format For Typed Journal
 
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - DeacoDescribe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
Describe Your Leadership Experience Essay - Deaco
 
Twin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout SessionTwin Rivers USD Breakout Session
Twin Rivers USD Breakout Session
 
Collaborative presentation
Collaborative presentationCollaborative presentation
Collaborative presentation
 
Wikis In Education
Wikis In EducationWikis In Education
Wikis In Education
 
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
Condom Essay Titles. Online assignment writing service.
 
Buy Online Essay
Buy Online EssayBuy Online Essay
Buy Online Essay
 
Buy Online Essay.pdf
Buy Online Essay.pdfBuy Online Essay.pdf
Buy Online Essay.pdf
 
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...
 
CHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final ExamCHEM 131 Final Exam
CHEM 131 Final Exam
 
Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!Volcanoes.pptx final!
Volcanoes.pptx final!
 
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primarySlide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
Slide tpe barth_planificación 5_segundo período_primary
 
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 FClass 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
Class 12 Notes English Grammar Essay 96156 F
 
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan JawabannyaSoal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
Soal Essay Tentang Photoshop Dan Jawabannya
 
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
Rutgers Application Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.
 

Plus de Sells Middle School

Plus de Sells Middle School (20)

Topomaps
TopomapsTopomaps
Topomaps
 
Evidence... notes
Evidence... notesEvidence... notes
Evidence... notes
 
Periodic table
Periodic tablePeriodic table
Periodic table
 
Atoms bonding
Atoms bondingAtoms bonding
Atoms bonding
 
Chemical reactions
Chemical reactionsChemical reactions
Chemical reactions
 
Atoms structure
Atoms structureAtoms structure
Atoms structure
 
Evidence... notes
Evidence... notesEvidence... notes
Evidence... notes
 
Plate boundaries
Plate boundariesPlate boundaries
Plate boundaries
 
Plate Boundaries -Quick view
Plate Boundaries -Quick viewPlate Boundaries -Quick view
Plate Boundaries -Quick view
 
What is Topography
What is TopographyWhat is Topography
What is Topography
 
What are waves
What are wavesWhat are waves
What are waves
 
Checking... wave quest
Checking... wave questChecking... wave quest
Checking... wave quest
 
What is genetics
What is geneticsWhat is genetics
What is genetics
 
Spectrum
SpectrumSpectrum
Spectrum
 
Energy forms and_changes
Energy forms and_changesEnergy forms and_changes
Energy forms and_changes
 
Energy
EnergyEnergy
Energy
 
Light rays
Light raysLight rays
Light rays
 
The Life Of A Star
The Life Of A StarThe Life Of A Star
The Life Of A Star
 
Out Of This World
Out Of This WorldOut Of This World
Out Of This World
 
Momentum
MomentumMomentum
Momentum
 

Dernier

The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppCeline George
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionMaksud Ahmed
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxGaneshChakor2
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersChitralekhaTherkar
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAssociation for Project Management
 
mini mental status format.docx
mini mental status format.docxmini mental status format.docx
mini mental status format.docxPoojaSen20
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Educationpboyjonauth
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfSoniaTolstoy
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 

Dernier (20)

The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
mini mental status format.docx
mini mental status format.docxmini mental status format.docx
mini mental status format.docx
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 

The science behind the fun of mentos

  • 1. The Science Behind the Fun of Mentos and Diet Coke. 7 th Grade Science Solutions Unit
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.